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Terug naar Kongo.
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ISBN: 9029026901 9063033664 9789063033668 9789029026901 Year: 1991 Publisher: Amsterdam Meulenhoff

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Description by a Belgian journalist on a trip to Zaire, the former Belgian Congo and how the country has changed since the colonial time.


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Le manifeste Conscience africaine (1956): élites congolaises et société coloniale: regards croisés
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ISBN: 9782802801900 2802801902 2802804642 Year: 2009 Volume: 56 Publisher: Bruxelles Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis

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Ce recueil, réunissant des chercheurs beiges et congolais, témoigne du regain d'intérêt que suscite l'histoire du Congo en Belgique depuis quelques années. Par l'analyse croisée et contradictoire si nécessaire pour rendre compte de la réalité historique des événements survenus entre 1955 et 1960, il souligne les cinquante ans de la publication du manifeste Conscience africaine le 30 juin 1956 ou le 1er juillet 1956. En concentrant l'attention sur l'événement retenu dans la chronologie de la prise de conscience politique des Congolais, on réduit la complexité des courants ayant porté ce texte, comme le montrent à l'envi les contributions réunies ici. Cependant, la commémoration s'accommode difficilement des explications plus conjoncturelles et structurelles qui permettent d'interpréter l'événement dans sa cohérence, avec les contradictions inhérentes au jeu d'échelle géographique et temporel. Que s'est-il donc réellement passe le 30 juin 1956 ? Date symbolique de l'histoire récente du Congo, l'événement a été vécu et interprété de manière très différente. Une réappropriation univoque dans le cadre de la commémoration des cinquante ans ne témoigne pas de cette diversité. II convient dès lors de contextualiser ce « réveil », cette « première manifestation publique » d'une conscience d'appartenir à un groupe social distinct par l'analyse du contexte immédiat et de l'héritage, réel ou suppose, attribué à Conscience africaine.


Book
The great African war : Congo and regional geopolitics, 1996-2006
Author:
ISBN: 9780521111287 0521111285 9780521169059 9780511596698 9780511596292 0511596294 0511593317 9780511593314 0511596693 0521169054 1107188253 1282303236 9786612303234 0511592388 0511595247 0511595891 9781107188259 9781282303232 6612303239 9780511592386 9780511595240 Year: 2009 Publisher: Cambridge Cambridge University Press

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This book examines a decade-long period of instability, violence and state decay in Central Africa from 1996, when the war started, to 2006, when elections formally ended the political transition in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). A unique combination of circumstances explain the unravelling of the conflicts: the collapsed Zairian/Congolese state; the continuation of the Rwandan civil war across borders; the shifting alliances in the region; the politics of identity in Rwanda, Burundi and eastern DRC; the ineptitude of the international community; and the emergence of privatised and criminalised public spaces and economies. This book seeks to provide an in-depth analysis of concurrent developments in Zaire/DRC, Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda in African and international contexts. By adopting a non-chronological approach, it attempts to show the dynamics of the inter-relationships between these realms and offers a toolkit for understanding the past and future of Central Africa.

Rural society and cotton in colonial Zaire.
Author:
ISBN: 0299153347 0299153304 9786612424076 0585081093 0299153339 1282424076 9780585081090 9780299153335 9780299153342 9780299153304 9781282424074 6612424079 Year: 1997 Publisher: Madison (Wis.) University of Wisconsin press

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The trouble with the Congo : local violence and the failure of international peacebuilding
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ISBN: 9780521191005 9780521156011 0521156017 0521191009 9780511761034 9780511932533 0511932537 0511761031 9780511927355 0511927355 9780511924811 051192481X 110720402X 051185238X 1282908154 9786612908156 0511931190 0511929854 Year: 2010 Volume: 115 Publisher: Cambridge Cambridge University Press

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The Trouble with the Congo suggests a new explanation for international peacebuilding failures in civil wars. Drawing from more than 330 interviews and a year and a half of field research, it develops a case study of the international intervention during the Democratic Republic of the Congo's unsuccessful transition from war to peace and democracy (2003-6). Grassroots rivalries over land, resources, and political power motivated widespread violence. However, a dominant peacebuilding culture shaped the intervention strategy in a way that precluded action on local conflicts, ultimately dooming the international efforts to end the deadliest conflict since World War II. Most international actors interpreted continued fighting as the consequence of national and regional tensions alone. UN staff and diplomats viewed intervention at the macro levels as their only legitimate responsibility. The dominant culture constructed local peacebuilding as such an unimportant, unfamiliar, and unmanageable task that neither shocking events nor resistance from select individuals could convince international actors to reevaluate their understanding of violence and intervention.

Keywords

Peaceful settlement of international disputes --- Polemology --- anno 1990-1999 --- anno 2000-2009 --- Congo --- Peace-building --- Community development --- Conflict management --- Internal security --- Violence --- Ethnic conflict --- Consolidation de la paix --- Développement communautaire --- Gestion des conflits --- Sûreté de l'Etat --- Conflits ethniques --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Congo (République démocratique) --- History --- Histoire --- INTERNAL SECURITY -- 930.3 --- VIOLENCE -- 930.3 --- ETHNIC CONFLICT -- 930.3 --- CONGO -- 327.1 --- PEACEBUILDING -- 327.1 --- COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT -- 327.1 --- CONFLICT MANAGEMENT -- 327.1 --- INTERNAL SECURITY -- 327.1 --- VIOLENCE -- 327.1 --- COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT -- 930.3 --- ETHNIC CONFLICT -- 327.1 --- #SBIB:327.6H00 --- #SBIB:328H412 --- Internationale en diplomatieke relaties: algemeen --- Instellingen en beleid: Zaïre / Congo --- Développement communautaire --- Sûreté de l'Etat --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Violent behavior --- Social psychology --- Building peace --- Peacebuilding --- Peace --- Peacekeeping forces --- Security, Internal --- Insurgency --- Subversive activities --- Conflict, Ethnic --- Ethnic violence --- Inter-ethnic conflict --- Interethnic conflict --- Ethnic relations --- Social conflict --- Conflict control --- Conflict resolution --- Dispute settlement --- Management of conflict --- Managing conflict --- Management --- Negotiation --- Problem solving --- Crisis management --- Regional development --- Economic assistance, Domestic --- Social planning --- Citizen participation --- Government policy --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Peace-building - Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Community development - Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Conflict management - Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Internal security - Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Violence - Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Ethnic conflict - Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Congo (Democratic Republic) - History - 1997 --- -Peace-building --- -Community development

Qui a obstrué la cascade ? : analyse sémantique du rituel de la circoncision chez les Komo du Zaïre
Author:
ISBN: 2735100928 2735100936 0521300436 2735119637 9782735100934 9780521300438 Year: 1985 Volume: vol *3 Publisher: Cambridge ; : Paris : Cambridge University Press Editions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme,

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La vie, chez les Komo, est conçue comme un écoulement progressif qui, suivant le cours du soleil et celui des rivières de leur territoire, va d'est en ouest et d'amont en aval, et c'est en termes d'ouverture et de fermeture que l'on rend ce qui favorise ou empêche ce mouvement. Tout problème vital est élargi à ces dimensions cosmologiques, mais ne pourra être traité, la vie s'écoulant nécessairement vers la mort, que moyennant une mort sacrificielle qui permettra à la vie de revenir à sa source. Ce renversement dont les ancêtres, origine de la vie, garantissent la possibilité ontologique, est rendu possible, sur le plan logique, grâce à l'emploi successif des couleurs blanche et rouge. Celles-ci assurent la transposition métaphorique entre les diverses oppositions cosmologiques et permettent leur application métonymique aux personnes à traiter. Le rituel initiatique de la circoncision met cette vision du monde en œuvre d'une façon exceptionnellement riche et complexe, intégrant dans le jeu de ses propres significations, et selon des procédés fort divers, toute la symbolique culturelle. Dans cette mise en œuvre les principales différenciations sociales sont également données à voir d'une manière privilégiée, du fait de l'intégration de leurs significations dans celles de l'ensemble rituel. Dès lors, le rituel lui-mème est à voir comme une relecture thématique, totalisante et unifiante de la culture dans ses rapports avec les événements concrets de la vie. Bien que construit à partir d'un système de significations qui le déborde, il crée lui-même son signifié et même l'objet de ses activités. Ce dernier n'est donc pas à chercher dans quelque réalité sociale préexistante. Life amongst the Komo is seen as a graduai outflow which. following the course of the sun and the rivers of their territory, passes from cast to west and from source to flood. and it is in terms of opening and closing thaï one must describe the factors which help or hinder this progress. Every vital…

Keywords

Komo (Congolese (Democratic Republic) people) --- Circumcision --- Komo (Peuple du Congo) --- Circoncision --- Rites and ceremonies --- Rites et cérémonies --- Rites and ceremonies. --- #SBIB:39A10 --- #SBIB:39A73 --- 299.6 --- 392.1 --- -Komo (Congolese (Democratic Republic) people) --- -Amputation, Foreskin --- Foreskin amputation --- Foreskin removal --- Male circumcision --- Prepucectomy --- Removal of foreskin --- Body marking --- Foreskin --- Initiation rites --- Antropologie: religie, riten, magie, hekserij --- Etnografie: Afrika --- Godsdiensten van Bantoes, Niloten, Soedannegers, Pygmeeën, Kaffers, Hottentotten, Bosjesmannen, Galla's, Bassuto's, Zoeloes --- Doop. Besnijdenis. Initiatie. Meerjarigverklaring --- Surgery --- -Antropologie: religie, riten, magie, hekserij --- 392.1 Doop. Besnijdenis. Initiatie. Meerjarigverklaring --- 299.6 Godsdiensten van Afrikaanse zwarte volkeren --- 299.6 Godsdiensten van Bantoes, Niloten, Soedannegers, Pygmeeën, Kaffers, Hottentotten, Bosjesmannen, Galla's, Bassuto's, Zoeloes --- Godsdiensten van Afrikaanse zwarte volkeren --- -392.1 Doop. Besnijdenis. Initiatie. Meerjarigverklaring --- Amputation, Foreskin --- Rites et cérémonies --- Besnijdenis. --- Komo [Tribu]. Ethnographie. --- Circoncision. --- Komo [Volksstam]. Etnografie. --- C3 --- rituelen --- Congo [historische term land Congo -CG] --- Kunst en cultuur (ODIS-HT) --- Komo (Congolese (Democratic Republic) people) - Rites and ceremonies --- Circumcision - Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Religion --- Anthropology --- Kumu --- circoncision --- rite --- Zaïre --- Komo --- République démocratique du Congo --- Circoncision (ethnologie) --- Rites de puberté --- Komo (peuple de la République démocratique du Congo) --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Rites de puberté --- Komo (peuple de la République démocratique du Congo) --- Congo (République démocratique)


Book
Naming colonialism : history and collective memory in the Congo, 1870-1960.
Author:
ISBN: 9780299233648 0299233642 9780299233631 0299233634 1282424203 9786612424205 9781282424203 6612424206 Year: 2009 Publisher: Madison University of Wisconsin Press

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What's in a name? As Osumaka Likaka argues in this illuminating study, the names that Congolese villagers gave to European colonizers reveal much about how Africans experienced and reacted to colonialism. The arrival of explorers, missionaries, administrators, and company agents allowed Africans to observe Westerners' physical appearances, behavior, and cultural practices at close range--often resulting in subtle yet trenchant critiques. By naming Europeans, Africans turned a universal practice into a local mnemonic system, recording and preserving the village's understanding of colonialism in the form of pithy verbal expressions that were easy to remember and transmit across localities, regions, and generations.

Keywords

Kongo language --- Nicknames --- Kongo (Langue) --- Sobriquets --- Epithets. --- History. --- Epithètes --- Histoire --- Congo (Brazzaville) --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Congo --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Colonization. --- Colonisation --- History & Archaeology --- Regions & Countries - Africa --- Epithets --- History --- Congo (Kinshasa) --- 967.5.03 --- 967.5.03 Geschiedenis van Zaïre (Kongo): Koloniale periode; Belgisch Kongo--(1884-1960) --- Geschiedenis van Zaïre (Kongo): Koloniale periode; Belgisch Kongo--(1884-1960) --- Congo belge --- --Congo Brazzaville --- --Épithète --- --Surnom --- --Histoire --- --Mémoire collective --- --Epithets --- Colonization --- Epithètes --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Soubriquets --- Congo language --- Fiote language --- Kikongo language --- Congo (Leopoldville) --- République du Congo (Leopoldville) --- Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville) --- Republic of Congo (Leopoldville) --- République démocratique du Congo --- Democratic Republic of the Congo --- Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika Kongo --- Kongo --- RDC (République démocratique du Congo) --- DRC (Democratic Republic of the Congo) --- DRK (Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika Kongo) --- Democratic Republic of Congo --- DR Congo --- RD Congo --- République populaire du Congo --- Kongo (Brazzaville) --- République du Congo (Brazzaville) --- Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) --- Republic of Congo (Brazzaville) --- Congo (People's Republic) --- Ludowa Republika Konga --- Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika Kongo --- R.P.C. (République populaire du Congo) --- RPC --- People's Republic of the Congo --- Congo Republic (Brazzaville) --- Names, Personal --- Bantu languages --- Belgian Congo --- Zaire --- Middle Congo --- Repubilika ya Kôngo --- Republíki ya Kongó --- West Congo --- ROC (Republic of Congo) --- Congo DR --- R.D. Congo --- History of Africa --- History of Congo --- anno 1800-1999 --- Congo-Brazzaville --- Kongo language - Epithets --- Nicknames - Congo (Brazzaville) - History --- Nicknames - Congo (Kinshasa) - History --- Épithète --- Surnom --- Mémoire collective --- Congo Brazzaville --- Congo (Brazzaville) - Colonization --- Congo (Kinshasa) - Colonization

Postconflict economics in Sub-Saharan Africa : lessons from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1589062523 1452741263 1455299324 9786613847126 1451950519 1283534673 9781451950519 9781283534673 9781452741260 9781589062528 9781455299324 6613847127 Year: 2004 Publisher: Washington International Monetary Fund

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The Democratic Republic of the Congo is making significant strides on both the political and economic fronts to extricate itself from one of the bloodiest wars in African history. This remarkable turnaround offers other countries and the international community valuable lessons in preventing conflict and in coping with postconflict recovery. This book also provides a summary of the most recent research on conflict, an analysis of the causes of conflicts in Africa, and an outline of their key economic characteristics.

Keywords

Internal politics --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- International Monetary Fund --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- Congo --- Postwar reconstruction --- Civil war --- Reconstruction d'après-guerre --- Guerre civile --- Economic aspects --- Aspect économique --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions --- Politique économique --- Conditions économiques --- National income --- 330.96751 --- 331.30 --- 331.31 --- 331.32 --- 331.33 --- 338.340 --- AFR / Africa - Afrika - Afrique --- CG / Congo --- National accounting --- National income accounting --- Income accounting --- Social accounting --- Accounting --- Economische toestand --- Economisch beleid --- Structuur van de economie --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld --- Civil wars --- Intra-state war --- Rebellions --- Government, Resistance to --- International law --- Revolutions --- War --- Post-conflict reconstruction --- Reconstruction, Postwar --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Economic conditions. --- E-books --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Foreign Exchange --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- National Security and War --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Public finance & taxation --- Monetary economics --- International economics --- Banking --- Investment & securities --- Expenditure --- Currencies --- Defense spending --- Mining sector --- Money --- Natural resources --- Environment --- Economic sectors --- Expenditures, Public --- Banks and banking --- Foreign exchange --- Prices --- Congo, Democratic Republic of the


Multi
Congo masquerade : the political culture of aid Inefficiency and reform failure
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 9781848138377 9781848138360 1848138369 1848138377 1848138393 9786613276094 1283276097 1848138385 1350219312 9781848138384 9781283276092 9781848138391 661327609X Year: 2011 Publisher: London, England : [London, England] : Zed Books, Bloomsbury Publishing,

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In this scathing study of catastrophic aid inefficiency, Trefon evaluates the imported template of reforms pieced together to introduce democracy and improve the wellbeing of the Congolese. He demonstrates that it has been an almost unmitigated failure due to the ingrained political culture of corruption amongst the Congolese elite, abetted by the complicity and incompetence of international partners.

Keywords

Development aid. Development cooperation --- Third World: economic development problems --- Congo --- Economic assistance --- Aide économique --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Congo (République démocratique) --- History --- Politics and government --- Histoire --- Politique et gouvernement --- NU --- UN --- Politique de développement --- Development policies --- Politique économique --- Economic policies --- Système politique --- political systems --- Guerre --- War --- Catastrophe causée par l'homme --- Manmade disasters --- Democratic Republic of the Congo --- Afrique --- Africa --- POLITICAL SCIENCE --- General --- Business & Economics --- History & Archaeology --- Economic History --- Regions & Countries - Africa --- BPB1202 --- Réforme institutionnelle --- Aide internationale --- 825 Ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- Kongo --- Institutionele hervorming --- Internationale hulp --- Aide économique --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Economic aid --- Foreign aid program --- Foreign assistance --- Grants-in-aid, International --- International economic assistance --- International grants-in-aid --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Conditionality (International relations) --- UN. --- Developing countries: economic development problems --- Political development --- Politics and government. --- History. --- international hjælp --- tarptautinė pagalba --- international aid --- ndihmë ndërkombëtare --- internationale hulp --- pomoc międzynarodowa --- rahvusvaheline abi --- internationellt bistånd --- mednarodna pomoč --- международна помощ --- starptautiska palīdzība --- medzinárodná pomoc --- kansainvälinen apu --- għajnuna internazzjonali --- међународна помоћ --- διεθνής βοήθεια --- меѓународна помош --- nemzetközi segítségnyújtás --- mezinárodní pomoc --- aiuto internazionale --- ajuda internacional --- međunarodna pomoć --- ayuda internacional --- internationale Hilfe --- ajutor internațional --- nemzetközi segély --- internacionální pomoc --- reforma základních institucí --- riforma istituzionale --- institucinė reforma --- institutsionaalne reform --- institucionālā reforma --- institutionel reform --- θεσμική μεταρρύθμιση --- intézményi reform --- riforma istituzzjonali --- inštitucionálna reforma --- institutionelle Reform --- reforma institucional --- reformă instituțională --- institucionalna reforma --- institutionell reform --- institutionaalinen uudistus --- institutional reform --- институционална реформа --- reforma instytucjonalna --- reformë institucionale --- институционна реформа --- institutionele hervorming --- institucionální přestavba --- институционални промени --- institucionální reforma --- Κονγκό --- Конго --- Kongó --- Kongas --- Congo-Brazzaville --- il-Kongo --- Republikken Congo --- Kongo Respublika --- Congo Brazzaville --- ir-Repubblika tal-Kongo --- Δημοκρατία του Κονγκό --- Kongo Francez --- Конго-Бразавил --- République du Congo --- Kongo Republika --- Kongo Brazavilë --- Република Конго --- Brazzavillen Kongo --- French Congo --- Republika e Kongos --- Repubblica del Congo --- Republica Congo --- Republiken Kongo --- Republika Kongo --- Konžská republika --- Kongo (Brazaville) --- Republika Konga --- República do Congo --- Kongon tasavalta --- Konžská lidová republika --- Republiek Congo --- die Republik Kongo --- Kongo Vabariik --- Kongo-Brazzaville --- República del Congo --- Republic of the Congo --- Kongói Köztársaság --- cúnamh idirnáisiúnta --- athchóiriú institiúideach --- An Congó --- Economic assistance - Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Congo (Democratic Republic) - History - 1997 --- -Congo (Democratic Republic) - Politics and government - 1997 --- -UN. --- Development studies --- Réforme institutionnelle


Book
Armes légères dans l'est du Congo : enquête sur la perception de l'insécurité
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9782872910304 2872910301 Year: 2011 Volume: 302-303 Publisher: Bruxelles GRIP

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Keywords

polemologie --- Polemology --- Congo --- Illegal arms transfers --- Low-intensity conflicts (Military science) --- Peacekeeping forces --- Armes --- Conflits de basse intensité --- Maintien de la paix --- Trafic --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Congo (République démocratique) --- History --- Histoire --- BPB1106 --- Arme à feu et munitions --- Guerre --- Afrika --- Vuurwapen --- Kongo --- Oorlog --- 406 --- AfrikaVuurwapen --- Arms transfers --- Ethnic conflict --- Conflits de basse intensité --- Congo (République démocratique) --- háború --- karas --- rat --- karš --- luftë --- válka --- Krieg --- wojna --- војна --- war --- sota --- krig --- рат --- πόλεμος --- vojna --- война --- război --- guerra --- sõda --- oorlog --- gwerra --- ozbrojený konflikt --- relvastatud konflikt --- fegyveres konfliktus --- väpnad konflikt --- aseellinen selkkaus --- conflitto --- oružani sukob --- válečný konflikt --- conflitto armato --- invasione armata --- bewaffneter Konflikt --- konflikt i armatosur --- εμπόλεμη κατάσταση --- armed conflict --- conflit armé --- ginkluotas konfliktas --- σύρραξη --- apertura delle ostilità --- gewapend conflict --- væbnet konflikt --- bewaffnete Auseinandersetzung --- conflict armat --- relvakonflikt --- dichiarazione di guerra --- conflito armado --- conflicto armado --- ozbrojený útočný čin --- ένοπλη σύγκρουση --- вооружен судир --- Κονγκό --- Конго --- Kongó --- Kongas --- Congo-Brazzaville --- il-Kongo --- Republikken Congo --- Kongo Respublika --- Congo Brazzaville --- ir-Repubblika tal-Kongo --- Δημοκρατία του Κονγκό --- Kongo Francez --- Конго-Бразавил --- République du Congo --- Kongo Republika --- Kongo Brazavilë --- Република Конго --- Brazzavillen Kongo --- French Congo --- Republika e Kongos --- Repubblica del Congo --- Republica Congo --- Republiken Kongo --- Republika Kongo --- Konžská republika --- Kongo (Brazaville) --- Republika Konga --- República do Congo --- Kongon tasavalta --- Konžská lidová republika --- Republiek Congo --- die Republik Kongo --- Kongo Vabariik --- Kongo-Brazzaville --- República del Congo --- Republic of the Congo --- Kongói Köztársaság --- tulirelvad ja laskemoon --- eldvapen och ammunition --- šaujamieroči un munīcija --- armi tan-nar u munizzjonijiet --- vatreno oružje i streljivo --- arma de fogo e munições --- vuurwapen --- arma de fuego y municiones --- armi da fuoco e munizioni --- πυροβόλα όπλα και πυρομαχικά --- огнестрелни оръжия --- Feuerwaffe --- strelno orožje in strelivo --- střelná zbraň a střelivo --- skydevåben og ammunition --- arme de foc și muniții --- lőfegyverek és lőszerek --- огнено оружје и муниција --- broń palna i amunicja --- tuliaseet ja ammukset --- ватрено оружје и муниција --- armë dhe municione --- strelné zbrane a strelivo --- šaunamieji ginklai ir šaudmenys --- firearms and munitions --- munice --- střelivo --- ieroču, munīcijas un militārā aprīkojuma tirdzniecība --- muníció --- kaujas munīcija --- E-books --- airm thine agus muinisin --- cogadh --- An Congó --- Arms transfers - Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Low-intensity conflicts (Military science) - Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Ethnic conflict - Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Peacekeeping forces - Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Congo (Democratic Republic) - History - 1997 --- -Illegal arms transfers --- Arme à feu et munitions

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