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Nuclear fusion research is entering a new phase, in which power exhaust will play a vital role. This book presents a complete and up-to-date summary of this emerging field of research in fusion plasmas, focusing on the leading tokamak concept. Emphasis is placed on rigorous theoretical development, supplemented by numerical simulations, which are used to explain and quantify a range of experimental observations. The text offers a self-contained introduction to power exhaust, and deals in detail with both edge plasma turbulence and edge localized modes, providing the necessary background to understand these important, yet complicated phenomena. Combining an in-depth overview with an instructive development of concepts, this is an invaluable resource for academic researchers and graduate students in plasma physics.

Plasma confinement. --- Tokamaks. --- Tokamak devices --- Fusion reactors --- Plasma confinement devices --- Confined plasma --- Confinement of plasma --- Plasma, Confined --- Plasma containment --- Plasma control --- Plasma isolation --- Containerless processing --- Controlled fusion --- High temperature plasmas --- Pinch effect (Physics) --- lemac

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This book is based on a series of lectures for an Astrophysics of the Interstellar Medium (ISM) master’s degree in Astrophysics and Cosmology at Padova University. From the cold molecular phase in which stars and planetary systems form, to the very hot coronal gas that surrounds galaxies and galaxy clusters, the ISM is everywhere. Studying its properties is vital for the exploration of virtually any field in astronomy and cosmology. These notes give the student a coherent and accurate mathematical and physical approach, with continuous references to the real ISM in galaxies. The book is divided into three parts. Part One introduces the equations of fluid dynamics for a system at rest and acoustic waves, and then explores the real ISM through the role of thermal conduction and viscosity, concluding with a discussion of shock waves and turbulence. In Part Two, the electromagnetic field is switched on and its role in modulating shock waves and contrasting gravity is studied. Part Three describes dust and its properties, followed by the main stellar sources of energy. The last two chapters respectively address the various components of the ISM and molecular clouds and star formation.

Interstellar matter. --- Materials science. --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Interstellar medium --- Astrophysics --- Matter --- Space environment --- Interstellar reddening --- Soft condensed matter. --- Acoustics. --- Electrodynamics. --- Plasma confinement. --- Plasma waves. --- Plasma astrophysics. --- Fluids. --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Magnetic and inertial plasma confinement. --- Waves, instabilities and nonlinear plasma dynamics. --- Astrophysical Plasma. --- Astrophysical plasmas --- Plasmas, Astrophysical --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Plasma sound waves --- Acoustic surface waves --- Magnetohydrodynamics --- Waves --- Confined plasma --- Confinement of plasma --- Plasma, Confined --- Plasma containment --- Plasma control --- Plasma isolation --- Containerless processing --- Controlled fusion --- High temperature plasmas --- Pinch effect (Physics) --- Dynamics --- Matter, Soft (Condensed matter) --- Matter, Soft condensed --- Soft matter (Condensed matter) --- Condensed matter --- Complex fluids

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This book provides an introduction and guide to modern advances in charged particle (and antiparticle) confinement by electromagnetic fields. Confinement in different trap geometries, the influence of trap imperfections, classical and quantum mechanical description of the trapped particle motion, different methods of ion cooling to low temperatures, and non-neutral plasma properties (including Coulomb crystals) are the main subjects. They form the basis of such applications of charged particle traps as high-resolution optical and microwave spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, atomic clocks, and, potentially, quantum computing.

Plasma confinement. --- Electromagnetic fields. --- Trapped ions. --- Laser cooling. --- Cooling --- Ion trapping --- Ionic trapping --- Trapping of ions --- Ionic mobility --- Ions --- Fields, Electromagnetic --- Magnetic fields --- Electric fields --- Confined plasma --- Confinement of plasma --- Plasma, Confined --- Plasma containment --- Plasma control --- Plasma isolation --- Containerless processing --- Controlled fusion --- High temperature plasmas --- Pinch effect (Physics) --- Mechanics. --- Classical Mechanics. --- Nuclear Energy. --- Particle and Nuclear Physics. --- Atoms and Molecules in Strong Fields, Laser Matter Interaction. --- Plasma Physics. --- Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics. --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Nuclear energy. --- Nuclear physics. --- Atoms. --- Physics. --- Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Atomic energy --- Atomic power --- Energy, Atomic --- Energy, Nuclear --- Nuclear power --- Power, Atomic --- Power, Nuclear --- Force and energy --- Nuclear physics --- Power resources --- Nuclear engineering --- Nuclear facilities --- Nuclear power plants --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Matter --- Stereochemistry --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Constitution

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This, the second volume of Charged Particle Traps, is devoted to applications, complementing the first volume’s comprehensive treatment of the theory and practice of charged particle traps, their many variants and refinements. In recent years, applications of far reaching importance have emerged ranging from the ultra-precise mass determinations of elementary particles and their antiparticles and short-lived isotopes, to high-resolution Zeeman spectroscopy on multiply-charged ions, to microwave and optical spectroscopy, some involving "forbidden" transitions from metastable states of such high resolution that optical frequency standards are realized by locking lasers to them. Further the potential application of trapped ions to quantum computing is explored, based on the extraordinary quantum state coherence made possible by the particle isolation. Consideration is given to the Paul and Penning traps as potential quantum information processors.

Electromagnetic fields. --- Plasma confinement. --- Trapped ions. --- Plasma confinement --- Electromagnetic fields --- Trapped ions --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Atomic Physics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Confined plasma --- Confinement of plasma --- Plasma, Confined --- Plasma containment --- Plasma control --- Plasma isolation --- Ion trapping --- Ionic trapping --- Trapping of ions --- Physics. --- Atoms. --- Matter. --- Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Nuclear engineering. --- Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics. --- Nuclear Engineering. --- Atoms and Molecules in Strong Fields, Laser Matter Interaction. --- Plasma Physics. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Containerless processing --- Controlled fusion --- High temperature plasmas --- Pinch effect (Physics) --- Ionic mobility --- Ions --- Nuclear Energy. --- Nuclear energy. --- Measurement   . --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Matter --- Stereochemistry --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases --- Atomic energy --- Atomic power --- Energy, Atomic --- Energy, Nuclear --- Nuclear power --- Power, Atomic --- Power, Nuclear --- Force and energy --- Nuclear physics --- Power resources --- Nuclear engineering --- Nuclear facilities --- Nuclear power plants --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Constitution

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Particle physics is a science about the symmetries of our world. The Standard Model is the fundamental theory of microworld. Particle dynamics in the Standard Model obeys strict symmetry laws with explicit experimental consequences. Priority problems of particle physics based on the Standard Model are more accurate theoretical predictions, experimental measurements and data analysis, proof of existence or non-existence of supersymmetry, top quark properties, Higgs boson, exotic quark states, and physics of neutrinos. In this collection of articles, many of these problems are discussed. We recommend this book for students, graduate students, and scientists working in the field of high energy physics.

exotic states --- confined covariant quark model --- strong and radiative decays --- strong interaction --- high energy --- multiparticle production --- multiplicity --- transverse momentum --- forward-backward correlations --- long-range rapidity correlations --- translation invariance in rapidity --- quark-gluon strings --- string fusion --- high energy physics --- electron–positron annihilation --- forward–backward asymmetry --- left–right asymmetry --- top quark --- pair production --- charge asymmetry --- neutrino oscillations in matter --- rephasing invariant --- neutrino absorption --- quasi-Dirac --- neutrino oscillation --- Majorana neutrino mass --- neutrinoless double beta decay --- gravity --- relocalization --- topology --- boundary --- poles