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Bioenergy is renewable energy obtained from biomass—any organic material that has stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy. Biogas is among the biofuels that can be obtained from biomass resources, including biodegradable wastes like manure, sewage sludge, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes, slaughterhouse waste, crop residues, and more recently lignocellulosic biomass and algae. Within the framework of the circular economy, biogas production from biodegradable waste is particularly interesting, as it helps to save resources while reducing environmental pollution. Besides, lignocellulosic biomass and algae do not compete for arable land with food crops (in contrast with energy crops). Hence, they constitute a novel source of biomass for bioenergy.Biogas plants may involve both high-tech and low-tech digesters, ranging from industrial-scale plants to small-scale farms and even households. They pose an alternative for decentralized bioenergy production in rural areas. Indeed, the biogas produced can be used in heaters, engines, combined heat and power units, and even cookstoves at the household level. Notwithstanding, digesters are considered to be a sustainable technology that can improve the living conditions of farmers by covering energy needs and boosting nutrient recycling. Thanks to their technical, socio-economic, and environmental benefits, rural biogas plants have been spreading around the world since the 1970s, with a large focus on farm-based systems and households. However, several challenges still need to be overcome in order to improve the technology and financial viability.

Mixing --- optimised --- household digester --- Chinese dome digester (CDD) --- self-agitation --- blank --- mixing --- Chinese dome digester --- impeller mixed digester --- unstirred digester --- hydraulically mixed --- total solids (TS) concentration --- plug-flow reactor --- anaerobic digestion --- animal manures --- biogas --- unconfined gas injection mixing --- mixing recirculation --- biomethane potential tests --- Italy --- manure --- energy crops --- agriculture residues --- digestate --- biochemical methane potential --- micro-aeration --- iron --- bioenergy --- H2S scrubber --- methane --- fermentation --- dairy --- poultry --- absorbent --- ammonia --- inhibition --- acclimatization --- trace elements --- anaerobic treatment --- energy assessment --- rural sanitation --- sludge --- wastewater --- agricultural runoff --- biomethane --- biorefinery --- microalgae --- photobioreactor --- pretreatment --- low cost digester --- psychrophilic anaerobic digestion --- thermal behavior --- anaerobic co-digestion --- slaughterhouse wastewater --- synergistic effects --- kinetic modeling --- biodegradability

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Climate change mitigation and adaptation are key challenges of the 21st century. These challenges include global energy consumption and dependence on fossil fuels, which are addressed in global energy policies. About two-thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions are linked to the burning of fossil fuels used for heating, electricity, transport, and industry. Therefore, the world is looking for the most reliable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly energy sources coupled with energy saving, which is a clean and low-cost solution to the growing demand for energy. As a clear example of this, cities are integrating renewable energies into their smart city plans. This book aims to advance the contribution of the use of renewable energies and energy saving in order to achieve a more sustainable world.

BIPV window --- WWR --- overall energy --- tilt angle --- visual comfort --- energy saving --- semi-arid --- wind power generation --- artificial neural networks --- chargeability factor --- reactive power capacity --- wind speed and demand curves --- energy management systems --- multi-objective function --- optimal set-points --- stochastic optimization --- wind farm operation --- expert survey --- renewable energy --- biogas --- biomethane --- biogas plant --- business model --- political support system --- building performance --- value co-creation --- value add --- maintenance management --- hospital buildings --- optimal power flow --- power flow --- optimization algorithms --- DC networks --- electrical energy --- optimization --- willingness to pay --- minigrids --- rural electrification --- Ghana --- hospital building maintenance --- critical success factor --- value-based practices --- importance-performance matrix analysis --- renewable energy sources --- non-conventional renewable energy sources --- RES --- NCRES --- electric power system --- information environment --- n/a

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The focus of this Special Issue was on biomass ash valorization with respect to their potential for various material applications. Most of the publications in this Special Issue focused on the production of biogenic silica with different properties. Additionally, some of the publications considered application of biomass ashes and biochar as a fertilizer, for soil amendment and recovery of ash forming elements such as N and P, as well as the application of biomass feedstocks in biofuel production.Accordingly, ashes produced from the thermochemical conversion of agricultural residues have high potential to be utilized for different material applications. However, local availability, as well as scaling up the process and life-cycle assessment should be considered prior to the utilization of these materials. Furthermore, densification as a mechanical pre-treatment can be crucial to improve the fuel properties, while purification of some of the ash forming elements, such as calcium, potassium, and prosperous should also not be disregarded in future investigations.

rice husk --- rice husk ash --- silica --- engineered particle --- bottom-up process --- silica extraction --- valorization --- agricultural byproduct --- sustainable material --- biomass --- renewable material --- biogenic amorphous silica --- green chemistry --- maize leaves --- sugarcane fiber --- sugarcane leaves --- sugarcane pith --- biorefinery --- multi-objectives RSM --- nano-silica --- de-ashing --- cellulose crystals --- carbon nanotubes --- cellulose --- sugarcane bagasse --- capacitance --- maize straw --- acid leaching --- ash --- pyrolysis --- nitrogen conversion --- wood ash --- fertilizer --- heat and power plants --- heavy metals --- nutrients --- German fertilizer legislation --- alkaline leaching --- continuous process --- bio-based material --- waste --- exhausted grape marc --- biochar --- soil amendment --- biogas --- lifecycle assessment --- greenhouse gas emissions --- mitigation potential --- GHG mitigation costs --- manure --- biomethane --- RED II --- EU ETS --- smoldering --- high moisture content --- specific surface area --- rice straw --- nanosilica --- methylene blue --- zero waste generation --- decolorization --- SDGs --- municipal sewage sludge --- energy recovery --- phosphorus recovery --- techno-economic analysis --- mono-combustion --- co-combustion --- n/a

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The negative impacts of global warming and global environmental pollution due to fossil fuels mean that the main challenge of modern society is finding alternatives to conventional fuels. In this scenario, biofuels derived from renewable biomass represent the most promising renewable energy sources. Depending on the biomass used by the fermentation technologies, it is possible to obtain first-generation biofuels produced from food crops, second-generation biofuels produced from non-food feedstock, mainly starting from renewable lignocellulosic biomasses, and third-generation biofuels, represented by algae or food waste biomass.Although biofuels appear to be the closest alternative to fossil fuels, it is necessary for them to be produced in competitive quantities and costs, requiring both improvements to production technologies and the diversification of feedstock. This Special Issue is focused on technological innovations, including the utilization of different feedstocks, with a particular focus on biethanol production from food waste; different biomass pretreatments; fermentation strategies, such as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) or separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF); different applied microorganisms used as a monoculture or co-culture; and different setups for biofuel fermentation processes.The manuscripts collected represent a great opportunity for adding new knowledge to the scientific community as well as industry.

biofuels --- corn --- extraction --- enzyme-assisted --- protein --- soybean --- molecular sieve --- water removal --- rotary shaking --- electromagnetic stirring --- biofuel --- gasohol --- trend analysis --- promotion policy --- regulatory measure --- bottleneck --- synthesis gas fermentation --- volumetric mass transfer coefficient --- Tween 80® surfactant --- gasification --- multi-objective optimization --- bioethanol --- syngas fermentation --- modeling --- sustainability --- soapberry pericarp --- carbonization --- biochar --- pore property --- surface chemistry --- biomethane --- food waste --- co-production --- biorefinery --- bioelectrochemical system (BES) --- carbon dioxide sequestration --- extracellular electron transfer (EET) --- electroactive microorganisms --- microbial biocatalyst --- electro-fermentation --- circular economy --- downstream processing (DSP) --- gene manipulation --- biogas --- compost leachate --- pressurized anaerobic digestion --- ethanol --- simultaneous saccharification and fermentation --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- single cell protein --- pineapple waste --- cell wall sugar --- fermentation --- spent sugar beet pulp --- model --- economics --- pretreatment --- saccharification --- B. ceiba --- biomass --- second-generation biofuel --- bioenergy --- biodiesel --- non-fossil fuel --- empty fruit bunches --- response surface methodology --- central composite design --- biofuel production technologies --- downstream processing --- energy --- bioethanol production --- agroforest and industrial waste feedstock valorization --- microorganisms for biofuel

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Sustainability, defined as ‘meeting current needs without compromising the future’, is a widely accepted goal across many sectors of society. Sustainability’s criteria and indicators often only regard sustaining present conditions through increased resilience, intended as a system’s capacity to experience shocks while retaining essentially the same functions and structures. However, new sustainability concepts, sometimes referred to as “sustainagility”, also consider the properties and assets of a system that sustains the ability (agility) of agents to adapt and meet their needs in new ways, preparing for future unpredictability and unforeseen changes. Therefore, resilience must coexist with adaptive capacity for real, long-term sustainability. Consumers are paying increasing attention to the sustainability of the food supply chain; thus, sustainable development is necessary for all food processes. Since the olive oil sector has a well-established historical tradition, any change and innovation that aims to obtain a sustainable development not only needs to be analyzed in terms of environmental, economic, and social aspects, it should also be significantly improved and closely monitored. Thus, this Special Issue is a collection of papers that can increase sustainability knowledge in the olive-oil-processing chain, to take a significant step forward in future developments.

extra virgin olive oil --- authentication --- chemometrics --- proton NMR --- carbon NMR --- machine learning --- artificial neural networks --- PLS-DA --- olive leaf polyphenols --- encapsulation --- functional food --- mayonnaise --- alginate/pectin beads --- phenolic extract --- food enrichment --- olive leaves --- organic --- local --- consumer attitude --- up-cycled ingredients --- by-products --- generational differences --- virgin olive oil --- organic production --- harvesting method --- harvesting time --- volatile compounds --- olive by-product --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- olive leaf --- pomace --- olive wastewater --- clones --- minor accessions --- olive oil --- quality --- olive landrace --- ripening --- harvest season --- antioxidants --- minor compounds --- oil quality --- circular economy --- environmental impact --- global warming --- valorization of waste --- phenolic compounds --- acidic hydrolysis --- derivative UV spectroscopy --- green chemistry --- screening methods --- health claim --- antioxidant activity --- olive mill wastewaters --- reactive oxygen species --- vascular cells --- breadsticks --- gluten-free --- olive oil by-products --- oxidation stability --- electronic nose --- accelerated shelf-life tests --- transparent plastic material --- metallized material --- brown-amber glass --- oxidation --- stability --- packaging --- olive oil quality --- life cycle assessment --- biocompounds --- shelf life --- environmental sustainability --- biscuits --- gluten-free breadsticks --- salad dressing --- vegan mayonnaise --- waste recovery --- choice experiment (CE) --- extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) --- willingness to pay (WTP) --- country of origin --- organic food --- consumer preferences --- sustainable food system --- authenticity --- biodiversity --- differential scanning calorimetry --- color --- chlorophyll --- geographical origin --- botanical origin --- principal component analysis --- anaerobic codigestion --- biomethane --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- life cycle costing (LCC) --- olive mill by-products --- olive composition --- olive cultivars --- olive ripening --- PLS regression model --- portable device --- quality parameters --- sustainability --- Olea europaea --- kaolin --- zeolitite --- foliar treatments --- sustainable agriculture --- crop defense --- autochthonous cultivars --- molecular fingerprinting --- polyphenol content --- gene expression --- fruit developmental stages --- n/a --- olive storage duration --- oil chemical composition --- sensory properties