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The “school-to-prison pipeline” is an emerging trend that pushes large numbers of at-risk youth—particularly children of color—out of classrooms and into the juvenile justice system. The policies and practices that contribute to this trend can be seen as a pipeline with many entry points, from under-resourced K-12 public schools, to the over-use of zero-tolerance suspensions and expulsions and to the explosion of policing and arrests in public schools. The confluence of these practices threatens to prepare an entire generation of children for a future of incarceration.In this comprehensive study of the relationship between American law and the school-to-prison pipeline, co-authors Catherine Y. Kim, Daniel J. Losen, and Damon T. Hewitt analyze the current state of the law for each entry point on the pipeline and propose legal theories and remedies to challenge them. Using specific state-based examples and case studies, the authors assert that law can be an effective weapon in the struggle to reduce the number of children caught in the pipeline, address the devastating consequences of the pipeline on families and communities, and ensure that our public schools and juvenile justice system further the goals for which they were created: to provide meaningful, safe opportunities for all the nation’s children.

Educational change --- Law reform --- Right to education --- Juvenile delinquents --- School discipline --- Right to learn --- Civil rights --- Education, Compulsory --- Education and state --- Educational equalization --- Educational law and legislation --- Delinquents --- Delinquents, Juvenile --- Juvenile offenders --- Offenders, Juvenile --- Offenders, Youthful --- Young offenders --- Youthful offenders --- Criminals --- Youth --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Law and legislation --- American. --- analyze. --- attorneys. --- between. --- challenge. --- civil. --- current. --- each. --- entry. --- justice. --- juvenile. --- legal. --- pipeline. --- point. --- prominent. --- propose. --- relationship. --- remedies. --- rights. --- school-to-prison. --- specializing. --- state. --- study. --- them. --- theories. --- this. --- three.

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In 2020, a Special Issue titled “Sustainable Rural Development: Strategies, Good Practices and Opportunities” was launched, in which 16 papers were published. The aim of this monograph was to study a problem that is occurring on a global scale and, above all, in the most developed countries, which is the population emigration from rural areas to urban areas due to the labour and service opportunities offered by the latter. This is causing a demographic deterioration of rural areas, and those that remain show high rates of ageing, masculinisation, or low demographic growth. In addition, and interrelated with this demographic deterioration, there is economic and environmental degradation. Rural areas are territories with increasingly lower purchasing power, job opportunities, and services for the population, which are classified as “spaces in crisis”. The papers in this Special Issue evidence the many public and private strategies that are being pursued to achieve sustainable rural development in declining areas. The diversity of approaches offer a vision of the practical application and the obstacles or difficulties that many of them are having to achieve their objectives. All of these strategies are intended to achieve economic dynamism that is respectful of the environment and from there to be able to reduce the regressive demographic processes in rural areas. These are different approaches that allow us to contribute, from scientific, holistic, and multidisciplinary knowledge, and they can help decision making in public policy and planning strategies.

industrial land --- price --- geographically weighted regression model --- driving factors --- rural land system reform pilot --- land lease market --- decision making --- forest market factors --- rural land rights --- China --- hunting tourism --- natural protected area --- sustainable development --- land use change --- analyze --- Shortandy district --- smart villages --- EU instruments --- rural decline --- rural areas --- information and communication technologies --- rural residential construction --- rainwater harvesting --- solar --- spray foam --- finger-jointed studs --- Proder Program --- management system --- economic diversification --- bottom-up approach --- regional identity --- territorial heritage --- rural areas in decline --- rural enhancement --- top-down approach --- collaborative governance --- low-density populated areas --- sustainable urban growth --- technological era --- complex spatial models --- land-use planning --- sustainable rural development --- regional composite indicators --- vulnerability --- ecosystem services --- goal programming --- analytic hierarchy process --- data envelopment analysis --- Spain --- accessibility --- GIS --- partnerships --- population --- rural territory --- territorial planning --- neo-endogenous rural development --- LEADER approach --- classification and types of rural areas --- good practices --- rural depopulation and aging --- young and female entrepreneurs --- entrepreneurship --- funded and unfunded projects --- Andalusia --- rural landscape --- intensive agriculture --- landscape transformation --- socioeconomic and environmental impacts --- agroecological production --- public institutions --- rurality --- fishing tourism --- European fishing funds --- Galicia (Spain) --- local action group --- rural development --- industrial district --- local productive system --- rural district --- n/a