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The trace mineral selenium is still regarded as one of the most interesting and health-beneficial elements. In addition to the Editorial containing a dedication to Dr. Leopold Flohé, this Special Issue contains 13 research articles and 8 reviews, with over 120 different contributors covering many of the most important subjects concerning the study of selenium. The articles address both selenium as well as selenoproteins and their molecular roles, providing important considerations regarding this trace element’s impact on human and animal health and disease.

selenoproteome --- selenoprotein hierarchy --- nonradioactive isotopes --- SEC-ICP MS --- glutathione peroxidase --- thioredoxin reductase --- SECIS --- translation regulation --- autoimmune thyroid disease --- diabetes mellitus --- Graves’ disease --- Hashimoto thyroiditis --- infection --- inflammation --- long-COVID --- rheumatoid arthritis --- selenoprotein P --- sepsis --- selenoprotein W --- thioredoxin --- 14-3-3 --- Akt --- cell death --- Selenof --- selenium --- selenoprotein --- colon cancer --- barrier integrity --- cardiovascular --- heart --- selenoproteins --- Keshan’s Disease --- bacteria --- selenite --- selenium delivery system --- Trsp --- hypothalamus --- Agrp neuron --- sex differences --- diet-induced obesity --- leptin resistance --- macrophage --- differentiation --- redox signaling --- NRF2 --- NF-κB --- lipid mediators --- seleocysteine --- autoimmunity --- lymphocyte --- cadmium cytotoxicity --- cancer therapy --- cisplatin --- ICP-MS --- nonsynonymous mutation --- selenium homeostasis --- ZIP8 --- Trit1 --- isopentenylation --- tRNA[Ser]Sec --- selenocysteine --- genetic variance --- human disease --- selenophosphate synthetase --- endothelial cell --- reactive oxygen species --- cell growth --- angiogenesis --- SEPHS1 --- early embryogenesis --- embryonic lethality --- prostate --- cancer --- tumor suppressor --- selenoprotein deficiency --- SECISBP2 --- Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec --- SEPSECS --- antioxidative defense --- autoantibody --- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis --- trace element --- recoding --- SECIS-binding protein --- translation termination --- nonsense-mediated decay --- ribosome rescue --- health --- mouse models --- selenocysteine (Sec) --- virus --- viral --- antioxidant --- HIV --- HCV --- HBV --- coxsackie virus --- influenza --- n/a --- HIV-1 --- viral infection --- SELENOS --- SELENOO --- primary T cells --- Jurkat --- SupT1 --- translational control --- Graves' disease --- Keshan's Disease --- Hashimoto's thyroiditis