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Plants are made up of a large number of distinct cell types that originate from a single fertilized egg cell. How the diversity of cell types arise in appropriate places is one of the most fascinating and attractive research areas of plant biology. During the past several decades, due to the development of new molecular techniques and tools, advances in optical microscopy, and availability of whole genome information and mutants in the model plant Arabidopsis and other plants, great advances have been made in understanding the mechanisms involved in cell fate determination in plants. Multiple mechanisms are used to generate cellular diversity. Asymmetric cell division is one of the primary mechanisms. As an example, asymmetric cell division enables one stem cell to generate a stem cell daughter and a daughter with a distinct identity. Initially equivalent cells can also differentiate to generate different cell types. This mechanism has been clearly demonstrated in the formation of multiple cell types during epidermis development in the shoot and root. Cell fate determination is influenced by both intrinsic factors, i.e, developmental regulators, as well as extrinsic signals, i.e., environmental stimuli. By using model systems like stomata, trichome, root hair and shoot and root apical meristem cells, ligands, receptors and transcription factors have been found to regulate cell fate determination. However, the details of signaling cassettes responsible for cell fate determination remain largely unknown. Plants are made up of a large number of distinct cell types that originate from a single fertilized egg cell. How the diversity of cell types arise in appropriate places is one of the most fascinating and attractive research areas of plant biology. During the past several decades, due to the development of new molecular techniques and tools, advances in optical microscopy, and availability of whole genome information and mutants in the model plant Arabidopsis and other plants, great advances have been made in understanding the mechanisms involved in cell fate determination in plants. This research topic contains 12 collected articles, including 2 Opinion Articles, 5 Reviews, 4 Mini Reviews, and 1 Original Research Article. Hopefully, these articles will expand our understanding of the regulation of cell fate determination in plants.

Cotton Fiber --- transcription factor --- stomata --- Xylem --- protein lipid modification --- root hair --- Arabidopsis --- cell fate determination --- Populus --- Trichome

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This book was established after closing the special issue “Water and Ion Transport in Plants: New and Older Trends Meet Together” edited by Dr. Vadim Volkov, Professor Lars Wegner and Dr Mary Beilby as Guest Editors and Mr. Everett Zhu as Manager Editor. This book represents a small collection of bright papers related to water and ion transport in plants; these exceptionally wide topic cannot be covered within a single Book, so the aim was to recall the main concepts established for water and ion transport, to introduce new ideas, including controversial ones, and to link these ideas for generating directions of potential future research and progress. The goal was reached pointing to the main traditionally studied ion transport systems: ion channels, ion transporters, sodium and proton ATPases and macroscopic effects of their activity. Water transport in roots was shown in full complexity with its links to ion transport systems and aquaporins. Nonconventional use of silicon particles as addition to fertilizers is a subject of a paper within the collection. We hope that the Book will be a good reading with excellent examples of modern research; we are also assured that the Book will stimulate the future interest in water and ion transport in plants.

vacuole --- potassium --- homeostasis --- NHX --- auxin distribution --- PIN --- intracellular trafficking --- root pressure --- exudation --- xylem embolism --- mechanosensitive ion channels --- ion transporters --- aquaporins --- water transport --- silicon fertiliser --- wheat --- osmotic stress --- drought stress --- landraces --- genotypic variation --- Dunaliella --- cloning --- expression --- H+-ATPase --- microalgae --- Na+-ATPase --- qRT-PCR --- salt shock --- salt tolerance --- Suaeda altissima --- anion transporters --- chloride channel family --- CLC family --- halophytes --- molecular cloning --- SaCLCd --- SaCLCf --- SaCLCg

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Soil, water, and nitrogen management are critical for crop productivity and quality in horticulture as well as for reducing negative impacts on ecosystems and greenhouse gas emissions. This Special Issue is a collection of seven important research works addressing solutions or strategies that can be implemented in order to use these three factors of production in a more sustainable way and to reduce inorganic nitrogen applications by considering the great importance of circular agriculture and the use of microorganisms. Aside from the relevance of the topics in this Special Issue, the studies included within it may trigger the development of new strategies for more sustainable and environmentally friendly intensive agriculture.

drip irrigation --- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi --- water relations --- N and P status --- soil organic carbon --- osmoregulation --- sugar accumulation --- water stress --- xylem tissue --- mulching film --- Trichoderma --- Lactuca sativa L. --- nitrogen dose --- nutritional quality --- yield --- sustainability --- by-products --- recycle --- smart agriculture --- nitrogen efficiency --- soil organic matter --- acidic soil --- pH --- nitrogen --- nutrient uptake --- photosynthetic pigments --- antioxidant activity --- Spinacia oleracea --- hexavalent Cr --- photosynthesis --- phosphorus uptake --- Cr(VI) tissue --- leaf characteristics --- purslane --- soil contamination --- heavy metals --- Ginger (Zingiber officinale) --- biochar --- plant growth --- root morphological traits --- chlorophyll content --- soil enzymes --- n/a

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With today’s ever growing economic and ecological problems, wood as a raw material takes on increasing significance as the most important renewable source of energy and as industrial feedstock for numerous products. Its chemical and anatomical structure and the excellent properties that result allow wood to be processed into the most diverse products; from logs to furniture and veneers, and from wood chippings to wooden composites and paper. The aim of this book is to review advances in research on the cellular aspects of cambial growth and wood formation in trees over recent decades. The book is divided into two major parts. The first part covers the basic process of wood biosynthesis, focusing on five major steps that are involved in this process: cell division, cell expansion, secondary cell wall formation, programmed cell death and heartwood formation. The second part of the book deals with the regulation of wood formation by endogenous and exogenous factors.  On the endogenous level the emphasis is placed on two aspects: control of wood formation by phytohormones and by molecular mechanisms. Apart from endogenous factors, various exogenous effects (such as climate factors) are involved in wood formation. Due to modern microscopic as well as molecular techniques, the understanding of wood formation has progressed significantly over the last decade. Emphasizing the cellular aspects, this book first gives an overview of the basic process of wood formation, before it focuses on factors involved in the regulation of this process. .

Trees -- Growth. --- Trees -- Molecular aspects. --- Wood. --- Wood --- Trees --- Plants --- Physicochemical Phenomena --- Construction Materials --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Chemical Phenomena --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Physiological Processes --- Xylem --- Physiological Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Manufactured Materials --- Plant Structures --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Eukaryota --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Anatomy --- Organisms --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Molecular Structure --- Physiology --- Growth and Development --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Anatomy --- Plant Geography --- Growth --- Molecular aspects --- Growth. --- Molecular aspects. --- Dendrology --- Life sciences. --- Cell biology. --- Trees. --- Forest products. --- Plant anatomy. --- Plant development. --- Life Sciences. --- Tree Biology. --- Cell Biology. --- Plant Anatomy/Development. --- Wood Science & Technology. --- Building materials --- Forest products --- Timber --- Nursery stock --- Woody plants --- Arboriculture --- Forests and forestry --- Forest ecology --- Growth (Plants) --- Cytology. --- Plant structure --- Structural botany --- Vegetable anatomy --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Structure --- Forest production --- Botany, Economic --- Commercial products --- Raw materials --- Development of plants --- Plant development --- Developmental biology --- Ontogeny

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Each tree ring contains an image of the time when the ring formed, projected onto the ring's size, structure, and composition. Tree rings thus are natural archives of past environments, and contain records of past climate. While dendrochronologists have investigated the impact of climate on tree-ring growth by empirical–statistical methods, this volume presents a process-based model complementing previous approaches. Basic ideas concerning the biology of tree-ring growth and its control by environmental factors are treated, especially for conifers. The use of the model is illustrated by means of several examples from widely differing environments, and possible future directions for model development and application are discussed. The volume provides an improved mechanistic basis for the interpretation of tree rings as records of past climate. It advances process understanding of the large-scale environmental control of wood growth. As forests are the main carbon sink on land, the results are of great importance for all global change studies.

Conifers. --- Conifers-- Growth. --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Meteorology & Climatology --- Botany --- Fungi & Algae --- Plant Ecology --- Conifers --- Tree-rings. --- Xylem. --- Growth. --- Coniferae --- Coniferales --- Softwood trees --- Softwoods (Trees) --- Life sciences. --- Plant ecology. --- Forestry. --- Trees. --- Plant anatomy. --- Plant development. --- Climate change. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Ecology. --- Tree Biology. --- Climate Change. --- Environmental Monitoring/Analysis. --- Plant Anatomy/Development. --- Plant cells and tissues --- Vascular system of plants --- Growth (Plants) --- Trees --- Wood --- Dendrochronology --- Gymnosperms --- Evergreens --- Figure --- Climatic changes. --- Forests and forestry. --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Plant structure --- Plants --- Structural botany --- Vegetable anatomy --- Anatomy --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Dendrology --- Nursery stock --- Woody plants --- Forests and forestry --- Ecology --- Structure --- Environmental aspects --- Environmental Sciences and Forestry. Forestry -- Forest Trees --- ALLW. --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Environmental monitoring. --- Development of plants --- Plant development --- Developmental biology --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Ontogeny --- Measurement --- Monitoring --- Floristic ecology --- Global environmental change --- Environment. --- Environmental Sciences. --- Environmental Monitoring. --- Plant Development. --- Development. --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology