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This breakthrough new book may help save countless lives and avoid enormous losses. It presents a methodology for using gas migration to predict earthquakes and explosive gas buildup. Using rigorous scientific investigation and documented worldwide case histories, this remarkable book presents compelling evidence showing that changes in gas rates, composition, and migration accompany the tectronic events preceding earthquakes and their associated seismic events, such as volcanoes and tsunamis. Because these gas parameters are detectable and measurable, they provide an early warning of seism

Earthquakes. --- Volcanic gases. --- Fumarolic gases --- Gases, Asphyxiating and poisonous --- Volcanism --- Vog --- Quakes (Earthquakes) --- Earth movements --- Natural disasters --- Seismology

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This book presents the first compilation of scientific research on the island of Nisyros, involving various geoscientific disciplines. Presenting a wealth of illustrations and maps, including a geological map of the volcano, it also provides valuable insights into the geothermal potential of Greece.  The island of Nisyros is a Quaternary volcano located at the easternmost end of the South Aegean Volcanic Arc. The island is nearly circular, with an average diameter of 8 km, and covers an area of approximately 42 km2. It lies above a base of Mesozoic limestone and a thin crust, with the mantle-crust transition located at a depth of approximately 27 km. The volcanic edifice of Nisyros comprises a succession of calc-alkaline lavas and pyroclastic rocks, as well as a summit caldera with an average diameter of 4 km.&nbs p; Nisyros marks the most recent volcano in the large prehistoric volcanic field between Kos-Yali-Strongyli-Pyrgousa-Pachia-Nisyros, where the largest eruption (“Kos Plateau Tuff”) in the history of the eastern Mediterranean devastated the Dodecanese islands 161,000 years ago. Although the last volcanic activity on Nisyros dates back at least 20,000 to 25,000 years, it encompasses an active hydrothermal system underneath the volcano with temperatures of roughly 100°C at the Lakki plain, the present-day caldera floor and 350°C at a depth of 1,550 m.  A high level of seismic unrest, thermal waters and fumarolic gases bear testament to its continuous activity, which is due to a large volume of hot rocks and magma batches at greater depths, be tween 3,000 and 8,000 m. Violent hydrothermal eruptions accompanied by major earthquakes occurred in 1873 and 1888 and left behind large, “world-wide unique” explosion craters in the old caldera. Through diffuse soil degassing, the discharge of all hydrothermal craters in the Lakki plain releases 68 tons of hydrothermal-volcanic derived CO2 and 42 MW of thermal energy per day. This unique volcanic and hydrothermal environment is visited daily by hundreds of tourists.

Volcanic gases --- Fumarolic gases --- Earth sciences. --- Geology. --- Mineralogy. --- Geophysics. --- Natural disasters. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Natural Hazards. --- Gases, Asphyxiating and poisonous --- Volcanism --- Vog --- Physical geography. --- Physical geology --- Crystallography --- Minerals --- Geography --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Natural calamities --- Disasters --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Physics

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Remote sensing data and methods are increasingly being implemented in assessments of volcanic processes and risk. This happens thanks to their capability to provide a spectrum of observation and measurement opportunities to accurately sense the dynamics, magnitude, frequency, and impacts of volcanic activity. This book includes research papers on the use of satellite, aerial, and ground-based remote sensing to detect thermal features and anomalies, investigate lava and pyroclastic flows, predict the flow path of lahars, measure gas emissions and plumes, and estimate ground deformation. The multi-disciplinary character of the approaches employed for volcano monitoring and the combination of a variety of sensor types, platforms, and methods that come out from the papers testify to the current scientific and technology trends toward multi-data and multi-sensor monitoring solutions. The added value of the papers lies in the demonstration of how remote sensing can improve our knowledge of volcanoes that pose a threat to local communities; back-analysis and critical revision of recent volcanic eruptions and unrest periods; and improvement of modeling and prediction methods. Therefore, the selected case studies also demonstrate the societal impact that this scientific discipline can potentially have on volcanic hazard and risk management.

volcanic thermal anomalies --- change detection --- Villarrica Volcano --- small satellites --- FireBIRD --- TET-1 --- gas emission monitoring --- X-band InSAR --- scanning Mini-DOAS --- Multi-GAS --- volcanic gases --- precipitable water vapor --- radar path delay --- Láscar volcano --- Mt. Etna --- multi-platform satellite observations --- RSTVOLC --- Stromboli volcano --- landslides --- effusive activity --- Ground-Based InSAR --- infrared live cam --- seismic monitoring --- PLEIADES --- Digital Elevation Models --- optical sensors --- volcano remote sensing --- volcano deformation --- SAR interferometry --- post-unrest deflation --- inversion modelling --- Santorini --- hyperspectral --- FENIX --- lava field --- SMACC --- LSMA --- volcano monitoring --- thermal imaging --- time series --- Seasonal-Trend Decomposition --- heat flux --- emissivity --- lava flow modeling --- remote sensing --- volcanic eruption interpretation --- eruption forecasting --- MSG SEVIRI --- wavelet --- thermal measurements --- lava fountain --- lava flow --- Mt.Etna --- eruptive style --- Timanfaya volcanic area --- HDR geothermal systems --- GPR --- EMI --- magnetic anomalies --- seasonality --- lahars hazard --- magma accumulation --- pyroclastic flows --- ash plumes --- volcanic cloud --- Landsat 8 --- elevation model --- Volcán de Colima --- lava flow volume estimation --- SPOT --- EO-1 ALI --- MODIS data --- SENTINEL-2 images --- infrasonic activity --- open-vent activity --- fissural eruption --- long- and short-term precursors --- SO2 fluxes --- UV Camera --- Etna Volcano --- explosive basaltic volcanism --- Bezymianny --- monitoring --- lava dome --- inflation --- SAR imaging --- radar pixel offsets --- acoustic infrasound --- volcanic emissions --- ground-based remote sensing --- Sentinel missions --- Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging --- InSAR processing --- infrared remote sensing --- SO2 gas emission --- satellite remote sensing --- ash fall --- lava flows --- pyroclastic density currents --- mapping --- volcanic hazard --- gas emissions --- edifice growth and collapse --- volcanic unrest --- thermal anomalies