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This beautifully illustrated volume features work by leading writers and experts on carnival from around the world, and includes two stunning photo essays by acclaimed photographers Pablo Delano and Jeffrey Chock. Editor Milla Cozart Riggio presents a body of work that takes the reader on a fascinating journey exploring the various aspects of carnival - its traditions, its history, its music, its politics - and prefaces each section with an illuminating essay. Traditional carnival theory, based mainly on the work of Mikhail Bakhtin and Victor Turner, has long defined carnival as inversive or subversive. The essays in this groundbreaking anthology collectively reverse that trend, offering a re-definition of 'carnival' that focuses not on the hierarchy it temporarily displaces or negates, but a one that is rooted in the actual festival event. Carnival details its new theory in terms of a carnival that is at once representative and distinctive: The Carnival of Trinidad - the most copied yet least studied major carnival in the world.

Carnival --- Trinidad --- Social life and customs --- Social life and customs. --- Carnival-- Trinidad. --- Social Science. --- Manners & Customs --- Anthropology --- Social Sciences --- Fasnacht --- Fastnacht --- Mardi Gras (Festival) --- Pre-Lenten festivities --- Festivals --- Masks --- Shrove Tuesday --- Trinidad and Tobago --- Carnival - Trinidad --- Trinidad - Social life and customs --- Carnavals --- Trinité-et-Tobago --- Moeurs et coutumes

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History of Trinidad's 300 under Spanish rule, written from the Spanish perspective. Examines the policies that fuelled Trinidad's economic and demographic transformation from a remote outpost to a prized possession of Spain, ultimately seized by the British.

Trinidad and Tobago --- Spain --- History. --- Colonies --- Republic of Trinidad and Tobago --- República de Trinidad y Tobago --- Torinidaddo Tobago --- Torinidādo Tobago --- Trinidad & Tobago --- Trinidad ja Tobago --- Trinidad och Tobago --- Trinidad-Tobago --- Ṭrinidad ṿe-Ṭobago --- Trinidad y Tobago --- Trinité-et-Tobago --- טרינידד וטובגו --- トリニダッド・トバゴ --- トリニダード・トバゴ --- Tobago (Colony) --- Trinidad --- West Indies (Federation)

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Wirtschaftslage. --- Wirtschaftsstatistik. --- Trinidad und Tobago. --- Trinidad and Tobago --- Economic conditions --- Trinidad-Tobago --- Trinidad & Tobago --- Republic of Trinidad and Tobago --- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS --- BANKS --- BANKING --- CENTRAL BANKS --- TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO --- トリニダード・トバゴ --- Torinidādo Tobago --- トリニダッド・トバゴ --- Torinidaddo Tobago --- Trinité-et-Tobago --- Trinidad ja Tobago --- Trinidad och Tobago --- Trinidad y Tobago‏ --- República de Trinidad y Tobago --- טרינידד וטובגו --- Ṭrinidad ṿe-Ṭobago --- Trinidad --- Tobago (Colony) --- West Indies (Federation) --- Trinidad y Tobago

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"Calypso, a traditional form of music in the Caribbean, began in Trinidad and Tobago as a subtle protest against British rule. The product of the cross-fertilization of African and European rhythms, melodies and song styles, the calypso (along with Jamaican reggae) defines the music of the region. Louis Regis examines the evolution of the political calypso from 1962 to 1987, the period of Trinidad/Tobago's independence from Britain, and presents the text of lyrics from this popular folk-urban musical form."--Jacket.

Calypso (Music) --- Music History & Criticism, National - Folk, Patriotic, Political --- Music --- Music, Dance, Drama & Film --- Calypso (Songs, etc.) --- Popular music --- History and criticism. --- Political aspects. --- History and criticism --- Political aspects --- Trinidad and Tobago --- Republic of Trinidad and Tobago --- República de Trinidad y Tobago --- Torinidaddo Tobago --- Torinidādo Tobago --- Trinidad & Tobago --- Trinidad ja Tobago --- Trinidad och Tobago --- Trinidad-Tobago --- Ṭrinidad ṿe-Ṭobago --- Trinidad y Tobago --- Trinité-et-Tobago --- טרינידד וטובגו --- トリニダッド・トバゴ --- トリニダード・トバゴ --- Tobago (Colony) --- Trinidad --- West Indies (Federation) --- History. --- Social conditions.

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Situated opposite the mouth of the Orinoco River, western Trinidad has long been considered an entrepôt to mainland South America. Trinidad's geographic position-seen as strategic by various imperial governments-led to many heterogeneous peoples from across the region and globe settling or being relocated there. The calm waters around the Gulf of Paria on the western fringes of Trinidad induced settlers to construct a harbour, Port of Spain, around which the modern capital has been formed. From its colonial roots into the postcolonial era, western Trinidad therefore has played an especial part in the shaping of the island's literature. Viewed from one perspective, western Trinidad might be deemed as narrating the heart of the modern state's national literature. Alternatively, the political threats posed around San Fernando in Trinidad's southwest in the 1930s and from within the capital in the 1970s present a different picture of western Trinidad-one in which the fractures of Trinidad and Tobago's projected nationalism are prevalent.

While sugar remains a dominant narrative in Caribbean literary studies, this book offers a unique literary perspective on matters too often perceived as the sole preserve of sociological, anthropological or geographical studies. The legacy of the oil industry and the development of the suburban commuter belt of East-West Corridor, therefore, form considerable discursive nodes, alongside other key Trinidadian sites, such as Woodford Square, colonial houses and the urban yards of Port of Spain. This study places works by well-known authors such as V. S. Naipaul and Samuel Selvon, alongside writing by Michel Maxwell Philip, Marcella Fanny Wilkins, E. L. Joseph, Earl Lovelace, Ismith Khan, Monique Roffey, Arthur Calder-Marshall, Zenga Longmore and the largely neglected novelist, Yseult Bridges, who is almost entirely forgotten today. Using fiction, calypso, history, memoir, legal accounts, poetry, essays and journalism, this study opens with an analysis of Trinidad's nineteenth century literature and offers twentieth century and more contemporary readings of the island in successive chapters. Chapters are roughly arranged in chronological order around particular sites and topoi, while literature from a variety of authors of British, Caribbean, Irish and Jewish descent is represented.

Trinidadian and Tobagonian literature (English) --- Geography and literature --- Ethnicity in literature. --- English literature --- Trinidad and Tobago literature (English) --- Trinidadian and Tobagonian literature --- Literature and geography --- Literature --- History and criticism. --- Trinidad and Tobago --- Republic of Trinidad and Tobago --- República de Trinidad y Tobago --- Torinidaddo Tobago --- Torinidādo Tobago --- Trinidad & Tobago --- Trinidad ja Tobago --- Trinidad och Tobago --- Trinidad-Tobago --- Ṭrinidad ṿe-Ṭobago --- Trinidad y Tobago --- Trinité-et-Tobago --- טרינידד וטובגו --- トリニダッド・トバゴ --- トリニダード・トバゴ --- Tobago (Colony) --- Trinidad --- West Indies (Federation) --- History --- History. --- Trinidad and Tobago literature --- Trinidad, Literary Geography