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This thesis presents fundamental work that explains two mysteries concerning the trajectory of interplanetary spacecraft. For the first problem, the so-called Pioneer anomaly, a wholly new and innovative method was developed for computing all contributions to the acceleration due to onboard thermal sources. Through a careful analysis of all parts of the spacecraft Pioneer 10 and 11, the application of this methodology has yielded the observed anomalous acceleration. This marks a major achievement, given that this problem remained unsolved for more than a decade. For the second anomaly, the flyby anomaly, a tiny glitch in the velocity of spacecraft that perform gravity assisting maneuvers on Earth, no definitive answer is put forward; however a quite promising strategy for examining the problem is provided and a new mission is proposed. The proposal largely consists in using the Galileo Navigational Satellite System to track approaching spacecraft, and in considering a small test body that approaches Earth from a highly elliptic trajectory.

Physics. --- Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences. --- Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. --- Aerospace Technology and Astronautics. --- Astrophysics. --- Astronautics. --- Physique --- Astrophysique --- Astronautique --- Space trajectories. --- Space vehicles -- Propulsion systems. --- Trajectory optimization -- Mathematical models. --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astrophysics --- Trajectory optimization --- Linear programming. --- Mathematical models. --- Optimization, Trajectory --- Space vehicles --- Trajectories --- Space sciences. --- Aerospace engineering. --- Aerodynamics --- Space trajectories --- Astrodynamics --- Space flight --- Trajectories (Mechanics) --- Production scheduling --- Programming (Mathematics) --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Space sciences --- Aeronautics --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Mathematical physics. --- Aeronautical engineering --- Astronautics --- Engineering --- Physical mathematics --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Mathematics

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Orbital transfer (Space flight) --- Orbital rendezvous (Space flight) --- Trajectory optimization. --- Mathematical physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Optimization, Trajectory --- Aerodynamics --- Space trajectories --- Rendezvous, Orbital --- Rendezvous (Space) --- Rendezvous in space --- Space orbital rendezvous --- Space flight --- Orbit transfer (Space flight) --- Transfer orbits (Space flight) --- Transfer trajectories --- Mathematics

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Robotics and control are both research and application domains that have been frequently engineered through the use of interdisciplinary approaches like cybernetics. Cognition is a particular concept of this approach, abstracted from the context of living organisms to that of artificial devices, and is concerned with knowledge acquisition and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. Cognitive robotics and control refer to knowledge processing as much as knowledge generation from problem understanding, leading to special forms of architectures that enable systems to behave in an autonomous way. The main aim of this book is to highlight emerging applications and address recent breakthroughs in the domain of cognitive robotics and control and related areas. Procedures, algorithms, architectures, and implementations for reasoning, problem solving, or decision making are considered in the domain of robotics and control.

initial trajectory --- trajectory optimization --- Bézier surface --- robotics --- open FPGAs --- robot control --- surgical robotics --- human–machine interaction --- autonomous guidance --- low-cost platform --- FPGA --- S-curve --- motion control --- SoC --- telemanipulation --- haptics --- machine learning --- gesture recognition --- upper limb rehabilitation robot --- particle swam optimization (PSO) --- artificial bee colony (ABC) --- Ziegler Nichols --- Maximum sensitivity --- ontology --- robot task planning --- knowledge base --- knowledge representation --- industrial collaborative robots --- shared robotic tasks --- physical human–robot interaction --- human intention recognition --- time series classification --- n/a --- Bézier surface --- human-machine interaction --- physical human-robot interaction

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The optimization of motion and trajectory planning is an effective and usually costless approach to improving the performance of robots, mechatronic systems, automatic machines and multibody systems. Indeed, wise planning increases precision and machine productivity, while reducing vibrations, motion time, actuation effort and energy consumption. On the other hand, the availability of optimized methods for motion planning allows for a cheaper and lighter system construction. The issue of motion planning is also tightly linked with the synthesis of high-performance feedback and feedforward control schemes, which can either enhance the effectiveness of motion planning or compensate for its gaps. To collect and disseminate a meaningful collection of these applications, this book proposes 15 novel research studies that cover different sub-areas, in the framework of motion planning and control.

humanoid robot --- walk fast --- rotational slip --- ZMP --- gait planning --- quadruped robot --- whole robot control --- location trajectory --- dynamic gait --- fin stabilizer --- command-filtered backstepping --- sliding mode control --- prescribed performance --- disturbance observer --- OES --- inertial stability accuracy --- low-speed performance --- speed observation --- disturbance observation --- state-augmented Kalman filter --- composed control scheme --- fractional calculus --- FOPD controller --- underwater vehicle --- motion control --- modal analysis --- flexible multibody systems --- linearized models --- six-legged robot --- whole-body motion planning --- rugged terrain --- support --- swing --- gesture-based teleoperation --- robotic assembly --- force feedback --- compliant robot motion --- pickup manipulator --- adaptive genetic algorithm --- trajectory optimization --- improved artificial potential field method --- obstacle avoidance planning --- robust estimation --- dynamic model --- unknown but bounded noise --- extended set-membership filter --- dynamic balancing --- shaking force balancing --- acceleration control of the center of mass --- fully Cartesian coordinates --- natural coordinates --- parallel manipulators --- passive model --- biped walking --- Impact and contact --- friction force --- dissipative force --- energy efficiency --- robot --- motion design --- functional redundancy --- UR5 --- hybrid navigation system --- weighted-sum model --- a heuristic algorithm --- piecewise cubic Bézier curve --- mobile robot --- n/a

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The most influential research topic in the twenty-first century seems to be mathematics, as it generates innovation in a wide range of research fields. It supports all engineering fields, but also areas such as medicine, healthcare, business, etc. Therefore, the intention of this Special Issue is to deal with mathematical works related to engineering and multidisciplinary problems. Modern developments in theoretical and applied science have widely depended our knowledge of the derivatives and integrals of the fractional order appearing in engineering practices. Therefore, one goal of this Special Issue is to focus on recent achievements and future challenges in the theory and applications of fractional calculus in engineering sciences. The special issue included some original research articles that address significant issues and contribute towards the development of new concepts, methodologies, applications, trends and knowledge in mathematics. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following: Fractional mathematical models; Computational methods for the fractional PDEs in engineering; New mathematical approaches, innovations and challenges in biotechnologies and biomedicine; Applied mathematics; Engineering research based on advanced mathematical tools.

fractional order IMC --- first order plus dead-time processes --- event-based implementation --- numerical simulations --- comparative closed loop results --- nonlinear wave phenomen --- RBF --- local RBF-FD --- stability --- unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) --- quaternion-based estimator --- low-cost design --- automatic optical inspection --- kinetic theory --- parallel robots --- robust control --- sliding mode control --- basinI --- basinII --- mean pressure head --- pressure head with different probabilities of occurrence --- standard deviation of the pressure fluctuations --- statistical modeling --- USBR --- desalination --- humidification-dehumidification --- waste heat recovery --- mathematical model --- yearly analysis --- thermo-economics --- multi-objective optimization --- cruise altitude --- fuel consumption --- time to climb --- Hermite-Simpson method --- trajectory optimization --- terminal residual analysis (TRA) --- m-σ terminal residual analysis (m-σ TRA) --- power transformer --- stray losses --- analytical methods --- finite element method --- gridshell structures --- shape ratio --- length ratio --- regularity --- particle swarm optimization --- genetic algorithm --- hybrid nanofluid --- dual solutions --- mixed convection --- stagnation point --- radiation --- stability analysis --- machine learning --- eXterme Gradient Boosting --- Computation Fluid Dynamics --- blade vibration --- unsteady aerodynamic model --- active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) --- multiobjective optimization --- time delay systems --- tuning rules --- soft robotics --- fractional calculus --- CACSD toolbox --- operating point linearization --- automatic uncertainty bound computation --- Model-in-the-Loop simulation --- hybrid simulation --- ℋ∞ control --- μ synthesis --- DC-to-DC power converters --- buck --- boost --- SEPIC --- rainfall-runoff model --- curve number --- inferential statistics --- 3D runoff difference model --- model calibration --- PAT model --- modified affinity laws --- hydraulic simulation tool --- μ-synthesis --- fractional-order control --- swarm optimization --- artificial bee colony optimization --- CNC machine --- mixed sensitivity --- D–K iteration --- Linear Matrix Inequality --- biotechnology --- fermentation process --- batch bioreactors --- modeling --- control system design and synthesis --- linear control --- adaptive control --- model reference adaptive control --- control system realization --- mixed-sensitivity --- FO-PID --- twin rotor aerodynamic system