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Terre de mélanges culturels et de politiques coloniales, la Tunisie a attiré de l’Europe des courants d’immigrations aussi bien que des visées impérialistes. La trajectoire des Juifs italiens, dits Livournais, s’inscrit au carrefour de ces axes. Une communauté enracinée en Tunisie depuis le xviie siècle, mais toujours assimilée au monde européen. Une population cosmopolite, mais jalousement attachée à Livourne et à l’Italie. Une double minorité, à l’égard tant de la nombreuse population juive locale que des cent mille émigrés italiens vivant en Tunisie au début du xxe siècle, mais toujours caractérisée par une forte identité collective. Pendant l’entre-deux-guerres, la place sociale de cette communauté fut remise en cause par une série de phénomènes convergents : l’essor du nationalisme tunisien, les tensions diplomatiques italo-françaises, et surtout par la montée au pouvoir du régime fasciste, résolu à encadrer les communautés d’émigration dans sa politique impériale. Sur la base de fonds d’archives et de témoignages inédits, ce travail reconstruit le parcours des Juifs italiens de Tunisie face aux stratégies de fascisation de Rome, en interrogeant les croisements identitaires dans les contextes d’émigration, la question de l’adhésion de masse au totalitarisme et le poids des médiateurs au sein des sociétés coloniales.

History --- juifs --- judaïsme --- italien --- fascisme --- émigration et immigration --- colonialisme --- diaspora --- totalitarisme --- antisémitisme --- mémoire

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De meeste mensen gaan ervan uit dat onze democratie sterk is en onze overheidsinstellingen stabiel genoeg om antidemocratische aanvallen te weerstaan. Maar dit is een vergissing die in de westerse geschiedenis veel vaker is gemaakt. Nog niet eens zo lang geleden zagen onze voorouders hun regeringen zwichten voor fascisme, nazisme en communisme: bewegingen waarin één leider of één partij uitdrukking gaf aan de stem van het volk en beloofde de burgers te beschermen tegen bedreigingen van buitenaf.Ten onrechte vertrouwden ook zij erop dat de democratie zou overleven. Zijn wij verstandiger dan zij waren? Ook in de huidige tijd lijkt het voortbestaan van de liberale democratie op het spel te staan. Niet eerder was de geschiedenis van de vorige eeuw zo actueel.Hoe kunnen wij als individu het begin van een totalitair regime herkennen? Hoe kunnen we ons daartegen verzetten? In Over tirannie beschrijft historicus Timothy Snyder twintig strategieën die burgers kunnen gebruiken om de democratie te beschermen tegen een autoritaire overheid, uitgewerkt met concrete voorbeelden uit de geschiedenis. Over tirannie is schitterend geïllustreerd door kunstenaar Nora Krug, auteur van Heimat. Terug naar het land van herkomst, die met haar zeer inventieve kunststijl extra leven, kleur en kracht blaast in Snyders betoog.https://www.uitgeverijbalans.nl/boeken/over-tirannie/

Democratie --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Political systems --- politieke filosofie --- dictatuur --- 20e eeuw --- Totalitarisme --- Europa --- Verzetsbeweging --- Burgerschap --- Oorlog --- Vaderland --- Vrijheid --- Graphic novel --- Graphic novels

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In essays written jointly by specialists on Soviet and German history, the contributors to this book rethink and rework the nature of Stalinism and Nazism and establish a new methodology for viewing their histories that goes well beyond the now-outdated twentieth-century models of totalitarianism, ideology, and personality. Doing the labor of comparison gives us the means to ascertain the historicity of the two extraordinary regimes and the wreckage they have left. With the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, scholars of Europe are no longer burdened with the political baggage that constricted research and conditioned interpretation and have access to hitherto closed archives. The time is right for a fresh look at the two gigantic dictatorships of the twentieth century and for a return to the original intent of thought on totalitarian regimes - understanding the intertwined trajectories of socialism and nationalism in European and global history.--

History of Germany and Austria --- History of Eastern Europe --- anno 1930-1939 --- anno 1940-1949 --- Russian Federation --- Germany --- Totalitarianism. --- Soviet Union --- Politics and government. --- Politics and government --- Russia --- Totalitarian state --- Authoritarianism --- Collectivism --- Despotism --- Dictatorship --- Fascism --- National socialism --- Third Reich, 1933-1945 --- Arts and Humanities --- History --- Totalitarisme --- Stalinisme --- National-socialisme --- URSS --- Allemagne --- Politique et gouvernement --- 1933-1945

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How and why countries become democracies remain intriguing questions. This innovative volume provides a theoretically informed comparative investigation of the links between revolutions, totalitarianism and democracy. It will appeal to those interested in the relationship between history and democracy and the implications for the understanding of democracy today.

Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Political systems --- Democracy --- Revolutions --- Totalitarianism --- Démocratie --- Révolutions --- Totalitarisme --- History. --- History --- Histoire --- Démocratie --- Révolutions --- Totalitarian state --- Authoritarianism --- Collectivism --- Despotism --- Dictatorship --- Fascism --- National socialism --- Democracy. --- Revolution. --- Totalitarianism. --- Totalitarianism - History. --- Political Science. --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Political Theory of the State --- Democracy - History. --- Revolutions - History.

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Must We Fight Terrorism with terror, match assassination with assassination, and torture with torture? Must we sacrifice civil liberty to protect public safety? In the age of terrorism, the temptations of ruthlessness can be overwhelming. But we are pulled in the other direction, too, by the anxiety that a violent response to violence makes us morally indistinguishable from our enemies. There is perhaps no greater political challenge today than trying to win the war against terror without losing our democratic souls. Michael Ignatieff confronts this challenge head-on, with the combination of hardheaded idealism, historical sensitivity, and political judgment that has made him one of the most influential voices in international affairs today. Ignatieff argues that we must not shrink from the use of violence-that far from undermining liberal democracy, force can be necessary for its survival. But its use must be measured, not a program of torture and revenge. And we must not fool ourselves that whatever we do in the name of freedom and democracy is good. We may need to kill to fight the greater evil of terrorism, but we must never pretend that doing so is anything better than a lesser evil. In making this case, Ignatieff traces the modern history of terrorism and counterterrorism, from the nihilists of czarist Russia and the militias of Weimar Germany to the IRA and the unprecedented menace of Al Qaeda, with its suicidal agents bent on mass destruction. He shows how the most potent response to terror has been force, decisive and direct, but-just as important-restrained. The public scrutiny and political ethics that motivate restraint also give democracy its strongest weapon: the moral power to endure when the furies of vengeance and hatred are spent. The book is based on the Gifford Lectures delivered at the University of Edinburgh in 2003. "Michael Ignatieff has written a sober yet chilling account of the issues facing liberal democracies in the face of modern international terrorism. In a surgical analysis he describes the challenges facing their leaders and citizens. His warning of the critical dangers of under-and over-reaction in combating terrorism could not be more timely."-Justice Richard Goldstone, Constitutional Court of South Africa."Michael Ignatieff's The Lesser Evil is a strikingly readable rumination on the ethical challenge of our time: How can a liberal democracy survive the long struggle against terror and do so in ways that preserve its institutions and dignity intact? His answer is a profound moral analysis, drawing on insights from philosophy, law, and literature, of how to surmount the strength of the terrorists, who are weak, and avoid the weakness of the democracies, who can be both strong and just."-Michael Doyle, Harold Brown Professor of Law and International Affairs, Columbia University.

Genocide --- Communism --- National socialism --- Totalitarianism --- Génocide --- Communisme --- Nazisme --- Totalitarisme --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Congresses. --- Aspect moral --- Congrès --- Totalitarian state --- Authoritarianism --- Collectivism --- Despotism --- Dictatorship --- Fascism --- Nazism --- Nazis --- Neo-Nazism --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- Cleansing, Ethnic --- Ethnic cleansing --- Ethnic purification --- Ethnocide --- Purification, Ethnic --- Crime --- Causes --- Congresses