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This book presents a new result in 3-dimensional topology. It is well known that any closed oriented 3-manifold can be obtained by surgery on a framed link in S 3. In Global Surgery Formula for the Casson-Walker Invariant, a function F of framed links in S 3 is described, and it is proven that F consistently defines an invariant, lamda (l), of closed oriented 3-manifolds. l is then expressed in terms of previously known invariants of 3-manifolds. For integral homology spheres, l is the invariant introduced by Casson in 1985, which allowed him to solve old and famous questions in 3-dimensional topology. l becomes simpler as the first Betti number increases. As an explicit function of Alexander polynomials and surgery coefficients of framed links, the function F extends in a natural way to framed links in rational homology spheres. It is proven that F describes the variation of l under any surgery starting from a rational homology sphere. Thus F yields a global surgery formula for the Casson invariant.

Chirurgie (Topologie) --- Drie-menigvuldigheden (Topologie) --- Heelkunde (Topologie) --- Surgery (Topology) --- Three-manifolds (Topology) --- Trois-variétés (Topologie) --- 3-manifolds (Topology) --- Manifolds, Three dimensional (Topology) --- Three-dimensional manifolds (Topology) --- Low-dimensional topology --- Topological manifolds --- Differential topology --- Homotopy equivalences --- Manifolds (Mathematics) --- Topology --- 515.16 --- 515.16 Topology of manifolds --- Topology of manifolds --- 3-manifold. --- Addition. --- Alexander polynomial. --- Ambient isotopy. --- Betti number. --- Casson invariant. --- Change of basis. --- Change of variables. --- Cobordism. --- Coefficient. --- Combination. --- Combinatorics. --- Computation. --- Conjugacy class. --- Connected component (graph theory). --- Connected space. --- Connected sum. --- Cup product. --- Determinant. --- Diagram (category theory). --- Disk (mathematics). --- Empty set. --- Exterior (topology). --- Fiber bundle. --- Fibration. --- Function (mathematics). --- Fundamental group. --- Homeomorphism. --- Homology (mathematics). --- Homology sphere. --- Homotopy sphere. --- Indeterminate (variable). --- Integer. --- Klein bottle. --- Knot theory. --- Manifold. --- Morphism. --- Notation. --- Orientability. --- Permutation. --- Polynomial. --- Prime number. --- Projective plane. --- Scientific notation. --- Seifert surface. --- Sequence. --- Summation. --- Symmetrization. --- Taylor series. --- Theorem. --- Topology. --- Tubular neighborhood. --- Unlink.

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One of the most exciting new subjects in Algebraic Number Theory and Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry is the theory of Euler systems. Euler systems are special collections of cohomology classes attached to p-adic Galois representations. Introduced by Victor Kolyvagin in the late 1980's in order to bound Selmer groups attached to p-adic representations, Euler systems have since been used to solve several key problems. These include certain cases of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture and the Main Conjecture of Iwasawa Theory. Because Selmer groups play a central role in Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry, Euler systems should be a powerful tool in the future development of the field. Here, in the first book to appear on the subject, Karl Rubin presents a self-contained development of the theory of Euler systems. Rubin first reviews and develops the necessary facts from Galois cohomology. He then introduces Euler systems, states the main theorems, and develops examples and applications. The remainder of the book is devoted to the proofs of the main theorems as well as some further speculations. The book assumes a solid background in algebraic Number Theory, and is suitable as an advanced graduate text. As a research monograph it will also prove useful to number theorists and researchers in Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry.

Algebraic number theory. --- p-adic numbers. --- Numbers, p-adic --- Number theory --- p-adic analysis --- Galois cohomology --- Cohomologie galoisienne. --- Algebraic number theory --- p-adic numbers --- Abelian extension. --- Abelian variety. --- Absolute Galois group. --- Algebraic closure. --- Barry Mazur. --- Big O notation. --- Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. --- Cardinality. --- Class field theory. --- Coefficient. --- Cohomology. --- Complex multiplication. --- Conjecture. --- Corollary. --- Cyclotomic field. --- Dimension (vector space). --- Divisibility rule. --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Elliptic curve. --- Error term. --- Euler product. --- Euler system. --- Exact sequence. --- Existential quantification. --- Field of fractions. --- Finite set. --- Functional equation. --- Galois cohomology. --- Galois group. --- Galois module. --- Gauss sum. --- Global field. --- Heegner point. --- Ideal class group. --- Integer. --- Inverse limit. --- Inverse system. --- Karl Rubin. --- Local field. --- Mathematical induction. --- Maximal ideal. --- Modular curve. --- Modular elliptic curve. --- Natural number. --- Orthogonality. --- P-adic number. --- Pairing. --- Principal ideal. --- R-factor (crystallography). --- Ralph Greenberg. --- Remainder. --- Residue field. --- Ring of integers. --- Scientific notation. --- Selmer group. --- Subgroup. --- Tate module. --- Taylor series. --- Tensor product. --- Theorem. --- Upper and lower bounds. --- Victor Kolyvagin. --- Courbes elliptiques --- Nombres, Théorie des

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Rabinowitz's classical global bifurcation theory, which concerns the study in-the-large of parameter-dependent families of nonlinear equations, uses topological methods that address the problem of continuous parameter dependence of solutions by showing that there are connected sets of solutions of global extent. Even when the operators are infinitely differentiable in all the variables and parameters, connectedness here cannot in general be replaced by path-connectedness. However, in the context of real-analyticity there is an alternative theory of global bifurcation due to Dancer, which offers a much stronger notion of parameter dependence. This book aims to develop from first principles Dancer's global bifurcation theory for one-parameter families of real-analytic operators in Banach spaces. It shows that there are globally defined continuous and locally real-analytic curves of solutions. In particular, in the real-analytic setting, local analysis can lead to global consequences--for example, as explained in detail here, those resulting from bifurcation from a simple eigenvalue. Included are accounts of analyticity and implicit function theorems in Banach spaces, classical results from the theory of finite-dimensional analytic varieties, and the links between these two and global existence theory. Laying the foundations for more extensive studies of real-analyticity in infinite-dimensional problems and illustrating the theory with examples, Analytic Theory of Global Bifurcation is intended for graduate students and researchers in pure and applied analysis.

Differential geometry. Global analysis --- Bifurcation theory. --- Differential equations, Nonlinear --- Stability --- Numerical solutions --- Addition. --- Algebraic equation. --- Analytic function. --- Analytic manifold. --- Atmospheric pressure. --- Banach space. --- Bernhard Riemann. --- Bifurcation diagram. --- Boundary value problem. --- Bounded operator. --- Bounded set (topological vector space). --- Boundedness. --- Canonical form. --- Cartesian coordinate system. --- Codimension. --- Compact operator. --- Complex analysis. --- Complex conjugate. --- Complex number. --- Connected space. --- Coordinate system. --- Corollary. --- Curvature. --- Derivative. --- Diagram (category theory). --- Differentiable function. --- Differentiable manifold. --- Dimension (vector space). --- Dimension. --- Direct sum. --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Elliptic integral. --- Embedding. --- Equation. --- Euclidean division. --- Euler equations (fluid dynamics). --- Existential quantification. --- First principle. --- Fredholm operator. --- Froude number. --- Functional analysis. --- Hilbert space. --- Homeomorphism. --- Implicit function theorem. --- Integer. --- Linear algebra. --- Linear function. --- Linear independence. --- Linear map. --- Linear programming. --- Linear space (geometry). --- Linear subspace. --- Linearity. --- Linearization. --- Metric space. --- Morse theory. --- Multilinear form. --- N0. --- Natural number. --- Neumann series. --- Nonlinear functional analysis. --- Nonlinear system. --- Numerical analysis. --- Open mapping theorem (complex analysis). --- Operator (physics). --- Ordinary differential equation. --- Parameter. --- Parametrization. --- Partial differential equation. --- Permutation group. --- Permutation. --- Polynomial. --- Power series. --- Prime number. --- Proportionality (mathematics). --- Pseudo-differential operator. --- Puiseux series. --- Quantity. --- Real number. --- Resultant. --- Singularity theory. --- Skew-symmetric matrix. --- Smoothness. --- Solution set. --- Special case. --- Standard basis. --- Sturm–Liouville theory. --- Subset. --- Symmetric bilinear form. --- Symmetric group. --- Taylor series. --- Taylor's theorem. --- Theorem. --- Total derivative. --- Two-dimensional space. --- Union (set theory). --- Variable (mathematics). --- Vector space. --- Zero of a function.

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In 1970, Phillip Griffiths envisioned that points at infinity could be added to the classifying space D of polarized Hodge structures. In this book, Kazuya Kato and Sampei Usui realize this dream by creating a logarithmic Hodge theory. They use the logarithmic structures begun by Fontaine-Illusie to revive nilpotent orbits as a logarithmic Hodge structure. The book focuses on two principal topics. First, Kato and Usui construct the fine moduli space of polarized logarithmic Hodge structures with additional structures. Even for a Hermitian symmetric domain D, the present theory is a refinement of the toroidal compactifications by Mumford et al. For general D, fine moduli spaces may have slits caused by Griffiths transversality at the boundary and be no longer locally compact. Second, Kato and Usui construct eight enlargements of D and describe their relations by a fundamental diagram, where four of these enlargements live in the Hodge theoretic area and the other four live in the algebra-group theoretic area. These two areas are connected by a continuous map given by the SL(2)-orbit theorem of Cattani-Kaplan-Schmid. This diagram is used for the construction in the first topic.

Hodge theory. --- Logarithms. --- Logs (Logarithms) --- Algebra --- Complex manifolds --- Differentiable manifolds --- Geometry, Algebraic --- Homology theory --- Algebraic group. --- Algebraic variety. --- Analytic manifold. --- Analytic space. --- Annulus (mathematics). --- Arithmetic group. --- Atlas (topology). --- Canonical map. --- Classifying space. --- Coefficient. --- Cohomology. --- Compactification (mathematics). --- Complex manifold. --- Complex number. --- Congruence subgroup. --- Conjecture. --- Connected component (graph theory). --- Continuous function. --- Convex cone. --- Degeneracy (mathematics). --- Diagram (category theory). --- Differential form. --- Direct image functor. --- Divisor. --- Elliptic curve. --- Equivalence class. --- Existential quantification. --- Finite set. --- Functor. --- Geometry. --- Hodge structure. --- Homeomorphism. --- Homomorphism. --- Inverse function. --- Iwasawa decomposition. --- Local homeomorphism. --- Local ring. --- Local system. --- Logarithmic. --- Maximal compact subgroup. --- Modular curve. --- Modular form. --- Moduli space. --- Monodromy. --- Monoid. --- Morphism. --- Natural number. --- Nilpotent orbit. --- Nilpotent. --- Open problem. --- Open set. --- P-adic Hodge theory. --- P-adic number. --- Point at infinity. --- Proper morphism. --- Pullback (category theory). --- Quotient space (topology). --- Rational number. --- Relative interior. --- Ring (mathematics). --- Ring homomorphism. --- Scientific notation. --- Set (mathematics). --- Sheaf (mathematics). --- Smooth morphism. --- Special case. --- Strong topology. --- Subgroup. --- Subobject. --- Subset. --- Surjective function. --- Tangent bundle. --- Taylor series. --- Theorem. --- Topological space. --- Topology. --- Transversality (mathematics). --- Two-dimensional space. --- Vector bundle. --- Vector space. --- Weak topology.

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In Hypo-Analytic Structures Franois Treves provides a systematic approach to the study of the differential structures on manifolds defined by systems of complex vector fields. Serving as his main examples are the elliptic complexes, among which the De Rham and Dolbeault are the best known, and the tangential Cauchy-Riemann operators. Basic geometric entities attached to those structures are isolated, such as maximally real submanifolds and orbits of the system. Treves discusses the existence, uniqueness, and approximation of local solutions to homogeneous and inhomogeneous equations and delimits their supports. The contents of this book consist of many results accumulated in the last decade by the author and his collaborators, but also include classical results, such as the Newlander-Nirenberg theorem. The reader will find an elementary description of the FBI transform, as well as examples of its use. Treves extends the main approximation and uniqueness results to first-order nonlinear equations by means of the Hamiltonian lift.Originally published in 1993.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Differential equations, Partial. --- Manifolds (Mathematics) --- Vector fields. --- Direction fields (Mathematics) --- Fields, Direction (Mathematics) --- Fields, Slope (Mathematics) --- Fields, Vector --- Slope fields (Mathematics) --- Vector analysis --- Geometry, Differential --- Topology --- Partial differential equations --- Algebra homomorphism. --- Analytic function. --- Automorphism. --- Basis (linear algebra). --- Bijection. --- Bounded operator. --- C0. --- CR manifold. --- Cauchy problem. --- Cauchy sequence. --- Cauchy–Riemann equations. --- Characterization (mathematics). --- Coefficient. --- Cohomology. --- Commutative property. --- Commutator. --- Complex dimension. --- Complex manifold. --- Complex number. --- Complex space. --- Complex-analytic variety. --- Continuous function (set theory). --- Corollary. --- Coset. --- De Rham cohomology. --- Diagram (category theory). --- Diffeomorphism. --- Differential form. --- Differential operator. --- Dimension (vector space). --- Dirac delta function. --- Dirac measure. --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Embedding. --- Equation. --- Exact differential. --- Existential quantification. --- Exterior algebra. --- F-space. --- Formal power series. --- Frobenius theorem (differential topology). --- Frobenius theorem (real division algebras). --- H-vector. --- Hadamard three-circle theorem. --- Hahn–Banach theorem. --- Holomorphic function. --- Hypersurface. --- Hölder condition. --- Identity matrix. --- Infimum and supremum. --- Integer. --- Integral equation. --- Integral transform. --- Intersection (set theory). --- Jacobian matrix and determinant. --- Linear differential equation. --- Linear equation. --- Linear map. --- Lipschitz continuity. --- Manifold. --- Mean value theorem. --- Method of characteristics. --- Monomial. --- Multi-index notation. --- Neighbourhood (mathematics). --- Norm (mathematics). --- One-form. --- Open mapping theorem (complex analysis). --- Open mapping theorem. --- Open set. --- Ordinary differential equation. --- Partial differential equation. --- Poisson bracket. --- Polynomial. --- Power series. --- Projection (linear algebra). --- Pullback (category theory). --- Pullback (differential geometry). --- Pullback. --- Riemann mapping theorem. --- Riemann surface. --- Ring homomorphism. --- Sesquilinear form. --- Sobolev space. --- Special case. --- Stokes' theorem. --- Stone–Weierstrass theorem. --- Submanifold. --- Subset. --- Support (mathematics). --- Surjective function. --- Symplectic geometry. --- Symplectic vector space. --- Taylor series. --- Theorem. --- Unit disk. --- Upper half-plane. --- Vector bundle. --- Vector field. --- Volume form.