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Glaciology --- Glaciology. --- glaciology --- glaciers --- snow cover --- ice --- Antarctic --- Arctic --- Cryology --- Geology, Glacial --- Glacial geology --- Glaciogeology --- Geology --- Hydrology --- Glaciers --- antarctic --- arctic
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Avalanches cause the highest number of fatalities in the Alps, threatening many areas and facilities, as well as transport and communications infrastructure. An integral part of avalanche protection is risk communication and warning, which is within the domain of the avalanche service of the Slovenian Environmental Agency. As part of the ‘Crossrisk Project’, the ZRC SAZU Anton Melik Geographical Institute has prepared a ‘Snow Field Manual’ which will allow for the standardised collection of field data on snow, snow cover and avalanches. This data forms the basis for determining the current avalanche hazard level. The ‘Snow Card’ supplement, which is an integral part of the manual, contains a condensed view of the most important contents and also includes two forms (there are a total of 14 forms in the manual) for entering the snow cover cross-section data. It also includes instructions for preparing and performing cross-sections of snow cover and avalanche tests. All information is provided along with a clear explanation key. Finally, a description of typical avalanche problems and types of avalanche hazards follows. The full applicability of the Snow Field Manual and the Snow Card is achieved by entering the digital data of the cross-section and the avalanche test into the appropriate web application. Snežni plazovi so naravna nesreča, ki v Alpah povzroči največ smrtnih žrtev, ogroža pa tudi številne površine in objekte ter prometno in komunikacijsko infrastrukturo. Sestavni del varstva in zaščite pred snežnimi plazovi je tudi obveščanje in opozarjanje, ki je v domeni lavinske službe, v Sloveniji Agencije Republike Slovenije za okolje. Na Geografskem inštitutu Antona Melika ZRC SAZU smo v okviru projekta Crossrisk pripravili priročnik bo omogočil standardizirano zbiranje terenskih podatkov o snegu, snežni odeji in plazovih, ki so temelj za določitev stopnje nevarnosti proženja snežnih plazov. V priročniku, katerega sestavni del je tudi snežna kartica - na njej sta poleg zgoščenega prikaza najnujnejših vsebin tudi dva obrazca (v priročniku 14) za vnos podatkov o prerezu - so navodila za pripravo in izvedbo prereza snežne odeje ter preizkusa plazovitosti. Pri vseh podatkih je naveden ključ za njihov vnos. Na koncu sledi opis značilnih plazovnih problemov oziroma tipov plazovne nevarnosti. Polno uporabnost snežnega priročnika in kartice dosežemo z e vpisom podatkov o prerezu in preizkusu plazovitosti na ustrezen spletni naslov, na katerem so obrazci v digitalni obliki.
avalanche hazard tests --- snow avalanches --- snow cover profile --- manuals --- preizkus plazovitosti --- prerez snežne odeje --- priročniki --- snežni plazovi
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The reprint book of the “Remote Sensing of Snow and Its Applications” Special Issue provides recent studies on all aspects of remote sensing of snow, from retrieving the data to the application. These studies mainly address the following: (a) New opportunities (Copernicus Sentinels) and emerging remote sensing methods, (b) use of snow data in modeling, and (c) characterization of snowpack.
near-infrared reflectance --- specific surface area --- spectrometer --- snow microstructure --- aerodynamic roughness length --- terrestrial lidar --- snow surface topography --- wind profile --- snow energy balance --- snow accumulation --- snow cover --- snow depletion curve --- MODIS --- data assimilation --- land surface model --- COST Action ES1404 --- HarmoSnow --- snow measurements --- snow models --- remote sensing --- snow --- SWE --- LWC --- run-off modelling --- hydropower application --- GNSS --- EO --- snow cover duration --- persistent and intermittent snow --- optical remote sensing --- northern Mongolia --- SAR --- transient snowline --- annual AAR --- mass balance --- Rofental glaciers --- fractional snow cover --- terrestrial photography --- cold regions --- Sentinel-2 --- H-SAF --- webcam photography --- snow parameters --- spatial and temporal variability of snow --- snow hydrology --- integration of remote sensing with models (hydrological --- land surface --- meteorological and climate)
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Principles of Snow Hydrology describes the factors that control the accumulation, melting and runoff of water from seasonal snowpacks over the surface of the earth. The book addresses not only the basic principles governing snow in the hydrologic cycle, but also the latest applications of remote sensing, and techniques for modeling streamflow from snowmelt across large mixed land-use river basins. Individual chapters are devoted to climatology and distribution of snow, snowpack energy exchange, snow chemistry, ground-based measurements and remote sensing of snowpack characteristics, snowpack management, and modeling snowmelt runoff. Many chapters have review questions and problems with solutions available online. This book is a reference book for practicing water resources managers and a text for advanced hydrology and water resources courses which span fields such as engineering, earth sciences, meteorology, biogeochemistry, forestry and range management, and water resources planning.
Snow. --- Hydrology. --- Runoff. --- Flowoff --- Melt runoff --- Meltwater runoff --- Rainfall runoff --- Run-off --- Snow cover runoff --- Snow dump runoff --- Snow melt runoff --- Snowmelt-induced runoff --- Snowmelt runoff --- Snowmelt water runoff --- Storm runoff --- Storm water runoff --- Stormwater runoff --- Water runoff, Snowmelt --- Water runoff, Storm --- Hydrologic cycle --- Aquatic sciences --- Earth sciences --- Hydrography --- Water --- Snowfall --- Cryosphere --- Precipitation (Meteorology) --- Meltwater
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Water quality management. --- Watershed management. --- Runoff. --- Flowoff --- Melt runoff --- Meltwater runoff --- Rainfall runoff --- Run-off --- Snow cover runoff --- Snow dump runoff --- Snow melt runoff --- Snowmelt-induced runoff --- Snowmelt runoff --- Snowmelt water runoff --- Storm runoff --- Storm water runoff --- Stormwater runoff --- Water runoff, Snowmelt --- Water runoff, Storm --- Hydrologic cycle --- Watershed development --- Watersheds --- Ecosystem management --- Water quality --- Water quality control --- Management --- Sewage disposal --- Water conservation --- Water-supply
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Rainwater as a resource has been underrated due to scientific misunderstandings about its quality, the lack of hydrologic design tools for small catchments, such as roofs, the preference for large infrastructures, and the small number of successful cases reported. This book summarizes 17 years of scientific research, operational monitoring, and practical demonstration projects made at Seoul National University Rainwater Research Center. A new paradigm of rainwater is proposed, which is to collect rainwater and use it, instead of draining it. Based on conventional hydrology and methodology, a hydrologic modelling method for micro-catchment is suggested. By incorporating several controllable measures into the design, the system can solve several water-related problems such as flooding, water conservation, emergency water storage, and groundwater recharge. Now is the time to adapt. Many good examples are reported from around the world, including South Korea. Fifty-nine South Korean cities have announced regulations and commitment to become 'Rain Cities' by offering financial incentives to rainwater management systems or subsidizing them. This book is written to give hope to those who seek to transform their community from a 'Drain City' to a 'Rain City'. It has been prepared to clear the ambiguity about rainwater management and transform the experts as well as the citizens to become active proponents of rainwater. This book can be a guide to transform the world into Rain Cities, and become a viable solution toward Sustainable Development Goal Number 6.
Hydrology. --- Runoff --- Management. --- Flowoff --- Melt runoff --- Meltwater runoff --- Rainfall runoff --- Run-off --- Snow cover runoff --- Snow dump runoff --- Snow melt runoff --- Snowmelt-induced runoff --- Snowmelt runoff --- Snowmelt water runoff --- Storm runoff --- Storm water runoff --- Stormwater runoff --- Water runoff, Snowmelt --- Water runoff, Storm --- Hydrologic cycle --- Aquatic sciences --- Earth sciences --- Hydrography --- Water --- Science --- Environmental Science (see Also Chemistry --- Environmental) --- Applied Sciences --- Technology & Engineering --- Mining
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Predicting water runoff in ungauged water catchment areas is vital to practical applications such as the design of drainage infrastructure and flooding defences, runoff forecasting, and for catchment management tasks such as water allocation and climate impact analysis. This full colour book offers an impressive synthesis of decades of international research, forming a holistic approach to catchment hydrology and providing a one-stop resource for hydrologists in both developed and developing countries. Topics include data for runoff regionalisation, the prediction of runoff hydrographs, flow duration curves, flow paths and residence times, annual and seasonal runoff, and floods. Illustrated with many case studies and including a final chapter on recommendations for researchers and practitioners, this book is written by expert authors involved in the prestigious IAHS PUB initiative. It is a key resource for academic researchers and professionals in the fields of hydrology, hydrogeology, ecology, geography, soil science, and environmental and civil engineering.
Rain and rainfall --- Runoff --- Hydrology --- Mathematical models --- Runoff. --- Rain and rainfall. --- Hydrology. --- Aquatic sciences --- Earth sciences --- Hydrography --- Water --- Rain --- Rainfall --- Precipitation (Meteorology) --- Flowoff --- Melt runoff --- Meltwater runoff --- Rainfall runoff --- Run-off --- Snow cover runoff --- Snow dump runoff --- Snow melt runoff --- Snowmelt-induced runoff --- Snowmelt runoff --- Snowmelt water runoff --- Storm runoff --- Storm water runoff --- Stormwater runoff --- Water runoff, Snowmelt --- Water runoff, Storm --- Hydrologic cycle --- Mathematical models. --- Runoff - Mathematical models --- Rain and rainfall - Mathematical models
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This important monograph is based on the results of a study on the identification of conceptual lumped rainfall-runoff models for gauged and ungauged catchments. The task of model identification remains difficult despite decades of research. A detailed problem analysis and an extensive review form the basis for the development of a Matlab® modelling toolkit consisting of two components: a Rainfall-Runoff Modelling Toolbox (RRMT) and a Monte Carlo Analysis Toolbox (MCAT). These are subsequently applied to study the tasks of model identification and evaluation. A novel dynamic identifiability ap
Rain and rainfall --- Runoff --- Rain gauges. --- Pluviometers --- Gages --- Meteorological instruments --- Precipitation gauges --- Flowoff --- Melt runoff --- Meltwater runoff --- Rainfall runoff --- Run-off --- Snow cover runoff --- Snow dump runoff --- Snow melt runoff --- Snowmelt-induced runoff --- Snowmelt runoff --- Snowmelt water runoff --- Storm runoff --- Storm water runoff --- Stormwater runoff --- Water runoff, Snowmelt --- Water runoff, Storm --- Hydrologic cycle --- Rain --- Rainfall --- Precipitation (Meteorology) --- Measurement. --- Watersheds. --- Mathematical models. --- Rain and rainfall - Mathematical models. --- Runoff - Mathematical models.
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Past research has comprehensively assessed the capabilities of satellite sensors operating at microwave frequencies, both active (SAR, scatterometers) and passive (radiometers), for the remote sensing of Earth’s surface. Besides brightness temperature and backscattering coefficient, microwave indices, defined as a combination of data collected at different frequencies and polarizations, revealed a good sensitivity to hydrological cycle parameters such as surface soil moisture, vegetation water content, and snow depth and its water equivalent. The differences between microwave backscattering and emission at more frequencies and polarizations have been well established in relation to these parameters, enabling operational retrieval algorithms based on microwave indices to be developed. This Special Issue aims at providing an overview of microwave signal capabilities in estimating the main land parameters of the hydrological cycle, e.g., soil moisture, vegetation water content, and snow water equivalent, on both local and global scales, with a particular focus on the applications of microwave indices.
time series analysis --- passive microwave soil moisture --- Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 --- Snow Depth and Snow Water Equivalent --- snow cover characteristics --- vegetation biomass --- roughness --- sea ice --- SMOS --- microwave radiometry --- soil moisture downscaling --- Vegetation Biomass --- vegetation index --- Terra MODIS --- Sentinel-1 --- Microwave Indices --- soil moisture content --- dual-frequency ratios --- SMAP --- passive microwave --- water-cloud model --- snow --- Sentinel-1 backscatter --- AMSR2 --- data fusion --- microwaves --- mountain region --- SAR --- start of season --- crops --- NDVI --- scatterometer --- Radarsat-2 --- polarization --- vegetation water content --- co-pol ratio --- active microwaves --- microwave indices --- harvest --- Microwave Radiometry --- soil moisture --- Soil Moisture Content --- snow correlation length --- radiometer --- radar --- soil scattering --- vegetation descriptor --- scale gap --- snow water equivalent
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Sampling and Monitoring for the Mine Life Cycle provides an overview of sampling for environmental purposes and monitoring of environmentally relevant variables at mining sites. It focuses on environmental sampling and monitoring of surface water, and also considers groundwater, process water streams, rock, soil, and other media including air and biological organisms. The handbook includes an appendix of technical summaries written by subject-matter experts that describe field measurements, collection methods, and analytical techniques and procedures relevant to environmental sampling and moni
Mines and mineral resources --- Runoff. --- Groundwater --- Water --- Environmental monitoring. --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Environmental sampling --- Contamination of groundwater --- Groundwater contamination --- Groundwater pollution --- Flowoff --- Melt runoff --- Meltwater runoff --- Rainfall runoff --- Run-off --- Snow cover runoff --- Snow dump runoff --- Snow melt runoff --- Snowmelt-induced runoff --- Snowmelt runoff --- Snowmelt water runoff --- Storm runoff --- Storm water runoff --- Stormwater runoff --- Water runoff, Snowmelt --- Water runoff, Storm --- Hydrologic cycle --- Deposits, Mineral --- Mineral deposits --- Mineral resources --- Mines and mining --- Mining --- Natural resources --- Geology, Economic --- Minerals --- Environmental aspects. --- Pollution. --- Sampling. --- Measurement --- Monitoring
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