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How much should I hold?
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1475529406 1475505558 1475553676 1475581882 9781475529401 9781475505559 9781475581881 9781475505559 9781475581881 9781475553673 Year: 2012 Volume: WP/12/205 Publisher: [Washington, D.C.] International Monetary Fund

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Abstract

This paper investigates the drivers of reserves in emerging markets (EMs) and small island (SIs) and develops an operational metric for estimating reserves in SIs taking into account their unique characteristics. It uses quantile regression techniques to allow the estimated factors driving reserves holdings to vary along the reserves’ holding distribution and tests for equality among the slope coefficients of the various quantile regressions and the overall models. F-tests comparing the inter-quantile differences could not reject the that the models for the different quantiles of SIs reserve distribution were similar but this was rejected for EMs distribution suggesting that models explaining drivers of reserve holdings should take into account the country’s reserve holdings. Empirical analysis suggests that the metric performs better than existing metrics in reducing crisis probabilities in SIs.


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Creditor protection in private companies : Anglo-German perspectives for a European legal discourse
Author:
ISBN: 9780521895385 0521895383 9780511576553 1107201500 9786612103896 0511517459 0511517947 0511576552 0511514409 128210389X 0511515472 0511516754 9780511517945 9781282103894 9781107201507 6612103892 9780511517457 9780511515477 9780511514401 9780511516757 Year: 2009 Publisher: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,

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Limited liability companies form the backbone of our modern economy. However, there is a persistent danger of moral hazard on the part of directors and shareholders, particularly in closely held or private companies. Like all developed legal systems, English and German law both provide mechanisms designed to protect creditors from such risks. This book investigates some of these mechanisms, including the avoidance of pre-insolvency acts, capital maintenance and creditor-regarding duties of directors. By analysing the different conceptual and doctrinal perspectives inherent in the English and German systems, this book seeks to advance a discourse between audiences with different legal backgrounds. It will be an invaluable guide for those wishing to understand how the protective mechanisms operate and interact with each other, and how they do so in quite different ways in the two jurisdictions.

Keywords

Private companies --- Corporations --- Debtor and creditor --- Corporation reserves --- Directors of corporations --- Finance --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Finance. --- -Corporations --- -346.077 --- Eb6 --- Business corporations --- C corporations --- Corporations, Business --- Corporations, Public --- Limited companies --- Publicly held corporations --- Publicly traded corporations --- Public limited companies --- Stock corporations --- Subchapter C corporations --- Business enterprises --- Corporate power --- Disincorporation --- Stocks --- Trusts, Industrial --- -Law and legislation --- -Finance --- -Corporation reserves --- -Private companies --- Law --- General and Others --- Private companies - Germany - Finance --- Corporations - Finance - Law and legislation - Germany --- Debtor and creditor - Germany --- Corporation reserves - Law and legislation - Germany --- Directors of corporations - Legal status, laws, etc - Germany --- Private companies - Great Britain - Finance --- Corporations - Finance - Law and legislation - Great Britain --- Debtor and creditor - Great Britain --- Corporation reserves - Law and legislation - Great Britain --- Directors of corporations - Legal status, laws, etc - Great Britain --- Royaume-Uni --- Allemagne --- Corporate reserves --- Reserve funds, Corporation --- Reserves, Corporation --- Amortization --- Cash flow --- Reserves (Accounting) --- Sinking-funds --- Companies, Private --- Limited liability companies --- LLCs (Limited liability companies) --- Private limited companies --- Corporation law --- Limited liability --- Reserves --- Accounting

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