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Many states and the federal system have embraced sentencing guidelines as a mechanism of sentencing reform. This book draws from interactionist theories of organizations, and James Eisenstein's depiction of courts as communities, to frame an investigation of sentencing disparity, case processing, and organizational relations under Pennsylvania's sentencing guidelines. The author provides a statistical analysis of statewide sentencing outcomes and a comparative statistical and ethnographic analysis of three different-sized county courts. The statistical data show that the major influences on sentencing are legally prescribed ones, but that factors such as conviction by trial, race and gender, and court size are also significant. Ethnographic data illuminate processes behind the statistics by connecting court organizational contexts to case processing strategies, and these strategies to sentencing outcomes. The book concludes with twelve general propositions for future research, discussing possibilities and limitations of sentencing guidelines, and addressing broader issues in the sociology of crime, law, and organizations.

Sentences (Criminal procedure) --- Social aspects --- Sentences (Criminal procedure) - United States --- Sentences (Criminal procedure) - Social aspects - United States --- Sentences (Criminal Procedure) --- Law --- Sentences (criminal procedure)

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Exactly how is it we think the ends of justice are accomplished by means of sentencing a convict to a term in prison? How do we relate a quantitative measure of time--months and years--to the objectives of deterring crime, punishing wrongdoers, and accomplishing a quality of justice for those touched by a criminal act? Linda Meyer investigates these questions, examining the disconnect between our two basic modes of thinking about time--chronologically (seconds, minutes, hours), or phenomenologically (observing, taking note of, or being aware of the passing of time). Meyer asks whether--in overlooking the irreconcilability of these two modes of thinking about time--we are failing to accomplish anything near to the ends we believe the criminal justice system is designed to serve. Drawing on work in philosophy, legal theory, jurisprudence, and the history of penology, Meyer explores how, rather than condemning prisoners to an experience of time bereft of meaning, we might instead make the experience of incarceration constructively meaningful--and thus better aligned with social objectives of deterring crime, reforming offenders, and restoring justice.

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