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Solar flares. --- Solar atmosphere.

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SCIENCE --- Environmental Science (see also Chemistry / Environmental) --- Solar atmosphere --- Astrophysics --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Observations --- Atmosphere, Solar --- Heliosphere (Astrophysics) --- Stars --- Atmospheres

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This volume represents the state of the art of the science covered by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division IV: Solar Wind and Interplanetary Field. It contains a collection of contributions by top experts addressing and reviewing a variety of topics included under the umbrella of the division. It covers subjects that extend from the interior of the Sun to the heliopause, and from the study of physical processes in the Sun and the solar wind plasma to space weather forecasts. The book is organized in 6 parts: the solar interior, the solar atmosphere, the heliosphere, heliophysical processes, radio emissions, and coordinated science in the Sun-Earth system. In addition, we highlight some of the results presented during the IAGA Division IV symposia in the 11th Scientific Assembly of IAGA in Sopron, Hungary, on 23-30 August 2009, which was planned simultaneously with this book. Audience: This book is of interest for researchers and graduate students interested in solar physics and related fields such as astrophysics, space plasma physics, and laboratory plasma physics.

Heliosphere (Astrophysics). --- Solar wind. --- Sun. --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Cosmic Physics --- Solar atmosphere. --- Heliosphere (Astrophysics) --- Solar activity. --- Cavity, Solar --- Heliosphere --- Solar cavity --- Atmosphere, Solar --- Earth sciences. --- Geophysics. --- Astronomy. --- Astrophysics. --- Cosmology. --- Space sciences. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences. --- Solar radiation --- Stellar activity --- Solar wind --- Stars --- Atmospheres --- Physical geography. --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Geography --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences

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This volume reviews what we know of the corresponding plasma source for each intrinsically magnetized planet. Plasma sources fall essentially in three categories: the solar wind, the ionosphere (both prevalent on Earth), and the satellite-related sources. Throughout the text, the case of each planet is described, including the characteristics, chemical composition and intensity of each source. The authors also describe how the plasma generated at the source regions is transported to populate the magnetosphere, and how it is later lost. To summarize, the dominant sources are found to be the solar wind and sputtered surface ions at Mercury, the solar wind and ionosphere at Earth (the relative importance of the two being discussed in a specific introductory chapter), Io at Jupiter and – a big surprise of the Cassini findings – Enceladus at Saturn. The situation for Uranus and Neptune, which were investigated by only one fly-by each, is still open and requires further studies and exploration. In the final chapter, the book offers a summary of the little we know of Uranus and Neptune, then summarizes in a comparative way what we know of plasma sources throughout the solar system, and proposes directions for future research. Originally published in Space Science Reviews, Vol. 192, Issues 1-4, 2015.

Astrophysics --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Magnetosphere. --- Solar atmosphere --- Space plasmas. --- Magnetic properties. --- Cosmic plasmas --- Plasmas, Cosmic --- Plasmas, Space --- Atmosphere, Solar --- Cosmic physics --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Heliosphere (Astrophysics) --- Stars --- Atmosphere, Upper --- Atmospheres --- Upper atmosphere --- Astrophysics. --- Planetology. --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Plasma Physics. --- Planetary sciences --- Planetology --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Physics --- Space sciences. --- Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Planetary science.