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"Most writing on Metis history has tended to concentrate on the Resistance of 1869-70 and the Rebellion of 1885, without adequately explaining the social and economic origins of the Metis that shaped those conflicts. Historians have often emphasized the aboriginal aspect of the Metis heritage, stereotyping the Metis as a primitive people unable or unwilling to adjust to civilized life and capitalist society." "In this social and economic history of the Metis of the Red River Settlement, specifically the parishes of St Francois Xavier and St Andrew's, Gerhard Ens argues that the Metis participated with growing confidence in two worlds: one Indian and pre-capitalist, the other European and capitalist. Ens maintains that Metis identity was not defined by biology or blood but rather by the economic and social niche they carved out for themselves within the fur trade." "Ens finds that the Metis, rather than being overwhelmed, adapted quickly to the changed economic conditions of the 1840s and actually influenced the nature of change. The opening of new markets and the rise of the buffalo-robe trade fed a 'cottage industry' whose increasing importance had significant repercussions for the maintenance of ethnic boundaries, the nature of Metis response to the Riel Resistance, and the eventual decline of the Red River Settlement as a Metis homeland."--Jacket

Métis --- Indians of North America --- Indigenous peoples --- Economic conditions. --- Social conditions. --- History --- Mixed descent --- Red River Settlement --- Etablissement de la rivière Rouge --- Red River Colony --- Selkirk's Red River Settlement --- Assiniboia (District) --- Michif

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Inhabited by a diverse population of First Nations peoples, Métis, Scots, Upper and Lower Canadians, and Americans, and dominated by the commercial and governmental activities of the Hudson’s Bay Company, Red River – now Winnipeg – was a challenging settlement to oversee. This illuminating account presents the story of the unique legal and governmental system that attempted to do so and the mixed success it encountered, culminating in the 1869–70 Red River Rebellion and confederation with Canada in 1870. In Law, Life, and Government at Red River, Dale Gibson provides rich, revealing glimpses into the community, and its complex relations with the Hudson’s Bay: the colony’s owner, and primary employer. Volume 1 details the history of the settlement’s establishment, development, and ambivalent relationship with the legal and undemocratic, but gradually, grudgingly, slightly, more representitive, governmental institutions forming in the area, and the legal system’s evolving engagement with the Aboriginal population. A vivid look into early settler life, Law, Life, and Government at Red River offers insights into the political, commercial, and legal circumstances that unfolded during western expansion.

Law --- Courts --- Community life --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Human ecology --- Judiciary --- Dispute resolution (Law) --- Judicial districts --- Procedure (Law) --- Judicial power --- Jurisdiction --- Justice, Administration of --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- History --- Law and legislation --- Red River Settlement --- Etablissement de la rivière Rouge --- Red River Colony --- Selkirk's Red River Settlement --- Assiniboia (District) --- Politics and government. --- History.

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Metis and the Medicine Line tells the remarkable story of the Plains Metis and the birth of the Canada/U.S. Border, brought vividly to life by history writing at its best. Exploring the borderland world of the prairies, Michel Hogue reveals how notions of race were created and manipulated to unlock access to Indigenous lands, while challenging Canada's peaceful settlement story of the West. Grounded in extensive research, the book also illuminates a hidden history of violence that created the "world's longest undefended border."

Métis --- Borderlands --- Border-lands --- Border regions --- Frontiers --- Boundaries --- Indians of North America --- Indigenous peoples --- Government relations. --- History. --- Ethnic identity. --- Mixed descent --- Northern boundary of the United States --- Red River Settlement --- Montana --- Država Montana --- Monekana --- Mont. --- Montana Eyaleti --- Montana-shū --- Montanashū --- Montano --- MT --- Politeia tēs Montana --- Shtat Montana --- State of Montana --- Statul Montana --- Πολιτεία της Μοντάνα --- Μοντάνα --- Щат Монтана --- Монтана --- Држава Монтана --- モンタナ --- モンタナ州 --- Montana Territory --- Etablissement de la rivière Rouge --- Red River Colony --- Selkirk's Red River Settlement --- Assiniboia (District) --- United States --- Ethnic relations. --- History --- native studies, Plains Metis, U.S. border, 49th parallel.