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This book is focused on the existing gap between the theoretical bioactivity of (poly)phenols and their real influence in terms of health, once ingested. Due to this, new studies are needed and some examples of new tendencies are included from in vitro and in vivo models which allow for exploring bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity, that need to be developed to understand the actual importance of consuming functional foods, rich in these plant secondary metabolites. Moreover, current new strategies need to be developed to enhance the content of these foods, as well as setting up new formulations rich in bioaccessible and bioavailable compounds. Altogether, it could provide a new perspective in therapy, expanding the use of these natural functional compounds, ingredients, and foods in the clinical frame, reducing the use of synthetic drugs. As a result, the joint contribution of multidisciplinary experts from the areas of food science, health, and nutrition, together with the industrial sector, would help to reach these objectives. Taking this into account, diverse studies have been included in this study, which comprises different strategies to approach these objectives from different, complementary, points of view, ranging from the enrichment of by-products in bioactive compounds, through different agricultural techniques, to the assimilation of these compounds by the human body, both in vitro and in vivo, as well as by clinical studies.

cognitive function --- polyphenols --- flavonoids --- CREB protein --- BDNF --- memory --- fruits and vegetables --- cerebral blood flow --- polydatin --- resveratrol --- urate crystals --- pyrophosphate crystals --- crystal-induced inflammation --- dietary intervention --- maqui-citrus juice --- flavanones --- urinary excretion --- UHPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS --- obesity --- Hibiscus sabdariffa --- Lippia citriodora --- olive --- salinity --- osmolytes --- adaptation --- secondary metabolism --- plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) --- net photosynthesis --- oleuropein --- water use efficiency (WUE) --- phenolic compounds --- HPLC-DAD --- fluorescence detection --- flavan-3-ols --- procyanidins --- ORAC --- (+)-catechin --- (−)-epicatechin --- dark chocolate --- cranberry --- periodontal diseases --- dental biofilm --- antibacterial activity --- anti-biofilm activity --- F. nucleatum --- P. gingivalis --- A. actinomycetemcomitans --- n/a --- (poly)phenols --- bioactivity --- bioavailability --- inflammation --- secondary metabolites --- antibacterial --- antioxidant --- diet --- fruit --- vegetables

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Temporomandibular Joint Diseases are common and dificult to treat. From diagnosis to treatment, our options are in a broad range. Keeping updated with new technologies is extremely important for researchers and health professionals.

migraine --- TMD --- Korean National Health Insurance Service --- cohort --- aura --- temporomandibular disorders --- inclination of articular eminence --- temporomandibular joint --- glenoid fossa --- surgery --- synovial tissue --- synovitis --- interleukin --- lumican --- matrix metalloproteinases --- tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases --- cytokine --- biomarker --- temporomandibular disorder --- rheumatic disease --- juvenile idiopathic arthritis --- rheumatoid arthritis --- inflammatory arthritis --- facial pain --- craniomandibular disorders --- validity and reliability --- questionnaires and survey validity study --- bone scintigraphy --- computed tomography --- condylar hyperplasia --- SPECT --- 99mTc-MDP --- cone-beam computed tomography --- malocclusions --- articular eminence inclination --- electromyography --- temporalis anterior --- masseter muscle --- myofascial pain --- myofascial trigger points --- trapezius --- protein expression --- temporomandibular joint dysfunction --- occlusal appliance --- temporomandibular joint disorders --- muscle pain --- removable appliance --- sleep bruxism --- digital dentistry --- diagnostic bruxism splint --- calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease --- pseudogout --- X-ray diffraction --- inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy

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What is life? How, where, and when did life arise? These questions have remained most fascinating over the last hundred years. Systems chemistry is the way to go to better understand this problem and to try and answer the unsolved question regarding the origin of Life. Self-organization, thanks to the role of lipid boundaries, made possible the rise of protocells. The role of these boundaries is to separate and co-locate micro-environments, and make them spatially distinct; to protect and keep them at defined concentrations; and to enable a multitude of often competing and interfering biochemical reactions to occur simultaneously. The aim of this Special Issue is to summarize the latest discoveries in the field of the prebiotic chemistry of biomolecules, self-organization, protocells and the origin of life. In recent years, thousands of excellent reviews and articles have appeared in the literature and some breakthroughs have already been achieved. However, a great deal of work remains to be carried out. Beyond the borders of the traditional domains of scientific activity, the multidisciplinary character of the present Special Issue leaves space for anyone to creatively contribute to any aspect of these and related relevant topics. We hope that the presented works will be stimulating for a new generation of scientists that are taking their first steps in this fascinating field.

origin of life --- peptidyl-transferase center --- pseudo-symmetry --- proto-ribosome --- SymR --- emergence of biological systems --- RNA ligation --- dimerization --- standard genetic codes --- codon assignment --- tRNA --- aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase classes --- thiophene --- acetylene --- transition metal sulfides --- hydrothermal conditions --- early metabolism --- origin-of-life --- prebiotic chemistry --- protein–monosaccharide recognition --- protein–monosaccharide interactions --- FRET analysis --- glycocodon theory --- glucose oxidase --- Mars --- prebiotic chemical evolution --- early Earth --- astrobiology --- CHNOPS --- transition elements --- sample return --- exoplanets --- complex organic molecules --- astrochemistry --- interstellar medium --- molecular ices --- solid state --- protoplanetary disks --- star forming regions --- comets --- vesicles --- division --- urea–urease enzymatic reaction --- bending modulus --- budding --- ADE theory --- dynamic kinetic stability --- cognition --- chemical evolution --- systems chemistry --- metabolism --- network expansion simulation --- temperature --- thermodynamics --- protocell --- compartment --- solid interface --- lipid --- polymerization --- cyclic nucleotides --- autocatalytic set --- osmotic pressure --- cell division --- lipid membrane --- bistable reaction system --- template-directed RNA synthesis --- origin of genetic code --- time order of canonical amino acids --- proto-metabolism --- chirogenesis --- quartz --- amino acids --- radiation damage --- GC×GC-TOFMS --- origins of life --- prebiotic membranes --- protoamphiphiles --- metal ions --- hot springs --- N-acyl amino acid --- analogue conditions --- viroids --- ribozyviruses --- primordial replicators --- ribozymes --- bilayer structure --- molecular dynamics --- aggregation process --- selection --- evolution --- Fenton chemistry --- reduced phosphorus --- pyrophosphate --- chemical complexity --- minerals --- schreibersite --- olivine --- serpentinite --- ulexite --- n/a --- protein-monosaccharide recognition --- protein-monosaccharide interactions --- urea-urease enzymatic reaction