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Common and destructive, limited wars are significant international events that pose a number of challenges to the states involved beyond simple victory or defeat. Chief among these challenges is the risk of escalation-be it in the scale, scope, cost, or duration of the conflict. In this book, Spencer D. Bakich investigates a crucial and heretofore ignored factor in determining the nature and direction of limited war: information institutions. Traditional assessments of wartime strategy focus on the relationship between the military and civilians, but Bakich argues that we must take into account the information flow patterns among top policy makers and all national security organizations. By examining the fate of American military and diplomatic strategy in four limited wars, Bakich demonstrates how not only the availability and quality of information, but also the ways in which information is gathered, managed, analyzed, and used, shape a state's ability to wield power effectively in dynamic and complex international systems. Utilizing a range of primary and secondary source materials, Success and Failure in Limited War makes a timely case for the power of information in war, with crucial implications for international relations theory and statecraft.

Korean War, 1950-1953. --- Vietnam War, 1961-1975. --- Persian Gulf War, 1991. --- Iraq War, 2003-2011. --- United States --- History, Military --- war, warfare, korean, vietnamese, vietnam, korea, persian gulf, iraq, 20th century, government, federal, governing, military, international affairs, united states of america, american history, escalation, information institutions, strategy, policy makers, politicians, national security organizations, statecraft, 21st, diplomacy, middle east, asia, conflict, knowledge.

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Fire, both inevitable and ubiquitous, plays a crucial role in North American ecosystems. But as necessary as fire is to maintaining healthy ecosystems, it threatens human lives and livelihoods in unacceptable ways. This volume explores the rich yet largely uncharted terrain at the intersection of fire policy, fire science, and fire management in order to find better ways of addressing this pressing dilemma. Written in clear language, it will help scientists, policy makers, and the general public, especially residents of fire-prone areas, better understand where we are today in regard to coping with wildfires, how we got here, and where we need to go. Drawing on abundant historical and analytic information to shed new light on current controversies, Living with Fire offers a dynamic new paradigm for coping with fire that recognizes its critical environmental role. The book also tells how we can rebuild the important ecological and political processes that are necessary for finding better ways to cope with fire and with other complex policy dilemmas.

Fire management --- Fire ecology. --- Wildfires. --- Fires --- Management, Fire --- Ecopyrology --- Fire --- Ecology --- Bush fires --- Bushfires --- Wild fires --- Wildland fires --- Government policy --- Management --- Environmental aspects --- 21st century. --- american. --- benefits of fire. --- coping with fires. --- dangers of fire. --- ecological processes. --- ecosystems. --- environmental impact. --- fire controversy. --- fire ecology. --- fire fighters. --- fire management. --- fire policies. --- fire professionals. --- fire prone areas. --- fire science. --- fire. --- forest fires. --- general public. --- healthy ecosystems. --- historical account. --- human condition. --- nonfiction. --- north america. --- policy makers. --- political processes. --- residents. --- scientists. --- textbooks. --- wildfires.

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In The Making of a Teenage Service Class, Ranita Ray uncovers the pernicious consequences of focusing on risk behaviors such as drug use, gangs, violence, and teen parenthood as the key to ameliorating poverty. Ray recounts the three years she spent with sixteen poor black and brown youth, documenting their struggles to balance school and work while keeping commitments to family, friends, and lovers. Hunger, homelessness, untreated illnesses, and long hours spent traveling between work, school, and home disrupted their dreams of upward mobility. While families, schools, nonprofit organizations, academics, and policy makers stress risk behaviors in their efforts to end the cycle of poverty, Ray argues that this strategy reinforces class and racial hierarchies and diverts resources that could better support marginalized youth's efforts to reach their educational and occupational goals.

Hispanic American students --- African American students --- Poverty --- Urban youth --- Poor youth --- Youth --- City dwellers --- City children --- Afro-American students --- Negro students --- Students, African American --- Students --- Students, Hispanic American --- Education --- academics. --- black youth. --- brown youth. --- career. --- class hierarchy. --- danger. --- drug use. --- family life. --- gangs. --- homelessness. --- hunger. --- illness. --- nonprofit organizations. --- people of color. --- policy makers. --- poverty cycle. --- poverty. --- race hierarchy. --- risk. --- risky behaviors. --- school. --- service class. --- social hierarchy. --- social issues. --- social studies. --- teen parenthood. --- teen parents. --- teen. --- teenagers. --- teens. --- violence. --- work life balance.

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The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com/doi/view/10.4324/9781315401867, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license. This book brings together academics, members of European institutions, and regional and national level policymakers in order to assess the performance and direction of EU Cohesion policy against the background of the most significant reforms to the policy in a generation. Responding to past criticisms of the effectiveness of the policy, the policy changes introduced in 2013 have aligned European Structural and Investment Funds with the Europe 2020 strategy and introduced measures to improve strategic coherence, performance and integrated development. EU Cohesion Policy: Reassessing performance and direction argues that policy can only be successfully developed and implemented if there is input from both academics and practitioners. The chapters in the book address four important issues: the effectiveness and impact of Cohesion policy at European, national and regional levels; the contribution of Cohesion policy to the Europe 2020 strategy of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth; the importance of quality of government and administrative capacity for the effective management of the Funds; and the inter-relationships between institutions, territory and place-based policies. The volume will be an invaluable resource to students, academics and policymakers across economics, regional studies, European studies and international relations.

Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- Regional planning --- European Union countries --- Economic integration. --- Regional disparities. --- EU countries --- Euroland --- Europe --- EU --- Cohesion --- Policy --- Economics --- Regional Studies Association --- RSA --- Development --- Policy Makers --- Growth --- Poland --- Latvia --- Diversity --- Smart Specialisation --- Unemployment --- Iain Begg --- David Charles --- Laura Polverari --- Riccardo Crescenzi --- Mara Giua --- Grzegorz Gorzelak --- Jerzy Pieńkowski --- Peter Berkowitz --- Nicola Pontarollo --- Piotr Rosik --- Marcin Stępniak --- Tomasz Komornicki --- Aleksandrs Dahs --- Henning Kroll --- Elizabeth Sanderson --- Peter Wells --- Ian Wilson --- Leaza McSorley --- Jim Campbell --- Jale Tosun --- Stefan Speckesser --- Carsten Jensen --- Jacqueline O'Reilly --- Neculai-Cristian Surubaru --- Mih Fazekas --- IstvJs Tth --- Andrey Demidov --- Gergő Medve-Bnt --- Septimiu-Rares Szabo --- Ugo Fratesi --- Giovanni Perucca --- Liga Baltiņa --- Tatjana Muravska --- IvTosics --- Jacek Zaucha

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At no time during the Great Depression was the contradiction between agriculture surplus and widespread hunger more wrenchingly graphic than in the government's attempt to raise pork prices through the mass slaughter of miliions of "unripe" little pigs. This contradiction was widely perceived as a "paradox." In fact, as Janet Poppendieck makes clear in this newly expanded and updated volume, it was a normal, predictable working of an economic system rendered extreme by the Depression. The notion of paradox, however, captured the imagination of the public and policy makers, and it was to this definition of the problem that surplus commodities distribution programs in the Hoover and Roosevelt administrations were addressed. This book explains in readable narrative how the New Deal food assistance effort, originally conceived as a relief measure for poor people, became a program designed to raise the incomes of commercial farmers. In a broader sense, the book explains how the New Deal years were formative for food assistance in subsequent administrations; it also examines the performance--or lack of performance--of subsequent in-kind relief programs. Beginning with a brief survey of the history of the American farmer before the depression and the impact of the Depression on farmers, the author describes the development of Hoover assistance programs and the events at the end of that administration that shaped the "historical moment" seized by the early New Deal. Poppendieck goes on to analyze the food assistance policies and programs of the Roosevelt years, the particular series of events that culminated in the decision to purchase surplus agriculture products and distribute them to the poor, the institutionalization of this approach, the resutls achieved, and the interest groups formed. The book also looks at the takeover of food assistance by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and its gradual adaptation for use as a tool in the maintenance of farm income. Utliizing a wide variety of official and unofficial sources, the author reveals with unusual clarity the evolution from a policy directly responsive to the poor to a policy serving mainly democratic needs.

Agriculture and state --- Depressions --- Food relief --- Agrarian question --- Agricultural policy --- Agriculture --- State and agriculture --- Economic policy --- Land reform --- Famine relief --- Food aid programs --- Food assistance programs --- Disaster relief --- Humanitarian assistance --- Public welfare --- Emergency food supply --- History. --- Government policy --- Food relief - United States - History. --- Food distribution programs --- 20th century american history. --- agricultural surplus. --- american government. --- american history. --- breadlines. --- california studies in food and culture series. --- commercial farmers. --- cultural studies. --- economic system. --- fdr. --- food assistance. --- government. --- great depression. --- history. --- hoover administration. --- hunger. --- new deal food assistance effort. --- new deal programs. --- policy makers. --- president franklin d roosevelt. --- president herbert hoover. --- roosevelt administration. --- surplus commodities. --- us department of agriculture. --- widespread hunger.