Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Standard narratives of Native American history view the nineteenth century in terms of steadily declining Indigenous sovereignty, from removal of southeastern tribes to the 1887 General Allotment Act. In Crooked Paths to Allotment, C. Joseph Genetin-Pilawa complicates these narratives, focusing on political moments when viable alternatives to federal assimilation policies arose. In these moments, Native American reformers and their white allies challenged coercive practices and offered visions for policies that might have allowed Indigenous nations to adapt at their own pace and on thei

Self-determination, National --- Allotment of land --- Indian allotments --- Indians of North America --- Land, Allotment of --- Agriculture and state --- Land tenure --- Community gardens --- Part-time farming --- National self-determination --- Nationalism --- Nation-state --- Nationalities, Principle of --- Sovereignty --- Allotments, Indian --- Indian non-trust allotments --- Indian trust allotments --- Restricted fee Indian allotments --- Indian inspectors --- History. --- Government relations. --- Land tenure. --- Government policy --- Land titles --- Real property --- United States --- Race relations. --- Social policy. --- Politics and government. --- Race question --- Government --- History, Political

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The Color of the Land brings the histories of Creek Indians, African Americans, and whites in Oklahoma together into one story that explores the way races and nations were made and remade in conflicts over who would own land, who would farm it, and who would rule it. This story disrupts expected narratives of the American past, revealing how identities--race, nation, and class--took new forms in struggles over the creation of different systems of property.Conflicts were unleashed by a series of sweeping changes: the forced ""removal"" of the Creeks from their homeland to Oklahom

Whites --- African Americans --- Land tenure --- Allotment of land --- Creek Indians --- White people --- White persons --- Ethnology --- Caucasian race --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Blacks --- Agrarian tenure --- Feudal tenure --- Freehold --- Land ownership --- Land question --- Landownership --- Tenure of land --- Land use, Rural --- Real property --- Land, Nationalization of --- Landowners --- Serfdom --- Land, Allotment of --- Agriculture and state --- Community gardens --- Part-time farming --- Maskoki Indians --- Muscogee Indians --- Muskogee Indians --- Muskoki Indians --- Mvskoke Indians --- Mvskokvlke --- Five Civilized Tribes --- Indians of North America --- Muskogean Indians --- History. --- Social aspects --- Ethnic identity. --- Oklahoma --- Oklahoma Territory --- O.T. (Oklahoma Territory) --- OT (Oklahoma Territory) --- Ekelahema --- State of Oklahoma --- Sooner State --- Ogalahoma --- Oklahumma --- US-OK --- OK --- Okla. --- Indian Territory --- Race relations --- Territory of Oklahoma --- Black people