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Graphene is the thinnest known material, a sheet of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal cells a single atom thick, and yet stronger than diamond. It has potentially significant applications in nanotechnology, 'beyond-silicon' electronics, solid-state realization of high-energy phenomena and as a prototype membrane which could revolutionise soft matter and 2D physics. In this book, leading graphene research theorist Mikhail Katsnelson presents the basic concepts of graphene physics. Topics covered include Berry phase, topologically protected zero modes, Klein tunneling, vacuum reconstruction near supercritical charges, and deformation-induced gauge fields. The book also introduces the theory of flexible membranes relevant to graphene physics and discusses electronic transport, optical properties, magnetism and spintronics. Standard undergraduate-level knowledge of quantum and statistical physics and solid state theory is assumed. This is an important textbook for graduate students in nanoscience and nanotechnology and an excellent introduction for physicists and materials science researchers working in related areas.

Graphene. --- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. --- Benzenoid hydrocarbons --- PAHs (Chemicals) --- Polyarenes --- Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons --- Hydrocarbons --- Polycyclic aromatic compounds --- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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Here is the most comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of one of the hottest areas of chemical research. The treatment of fundamental kinetics and photochemistry will be highly useful to chemistry students and their instructors at the graduate level, as well as postdoctoral fellows entering this new, exciting, and well-funded field with a Ph.D. in a related discipline (e.g., analytical, organic, or physical chemistry, chemical physics, etc.). Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere provides postgraduate researchers and teachers with a uniquely detailed, comprehensive, and authorita

Atmospheric chemistry. --- Chimie de l'atmosphère --- Chimie de l'atmosphère --- Atmospheric chemistry --- Environmental chemistry. --- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons --- Benzenoid hydrocarbons --- PAHs (Chemicals) --- Polyarenes --- Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons --- Hydrocarbons --- Polycyclic aromatic compounds --- Chemistry, Environmental --- Chemistry --- Ecology --- Atmospheric science --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Environmental aspects.

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This book reviews Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (NPAHs) contamination in the context of environmental pollution in Asia. It is comprised of the following sections: 1. Fundamental Chemistry and General Characteristics; 2. Analytical Methods; 3. Emission Source and Atmospheric Behavior; 4. Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and PM2.5; 5. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Environments; 6. Metabolic Activation/Toxicities; and 7. Environmental Standards and Guidelines. This volume concentrates on the Far East due to the massive consumption of coal and petroleum in China, which has led to considerable levels of air pollution. High concentration of atmospheric PM2.5 in Beijing have been reported since January 2013 and exposure to such high concentrations may cause respiratory, cardiac and lung diseases. Gathering contributions from international experts, this volume provides a valuable reference guide for global researchers and students interested in learning from the East Asian experience.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. --- Medicine. --- Pharmacology. --- Medicinal chemistry. --- Ecotoxicology. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Medicinal Chemistry. --- Benzenoid hydrocarbons --- PAHs (Chemicals) --- Polyarenes --- Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons --- Hydrocarbons --- Polycyclic aromatic compounds --- Toxicology. --- Environmental toxicology. --- Biochemistry. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Ecotoxicology --- Pollutants --- Pollution --- Environmental health --- Toxicology --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Composition --- Chemistry, Medical and pharmaceutical --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical --- Drug chemistry --- Drugs --- Medical chemistry --- Medicinal chemistry --- Pharmacochemistry --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect

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In recent decades, the environmental impact of organic pollutants, especially persistent and emerging organic pollutants, has attracted widespread attention, and related research has been rapidly developed. Organic pollutants represent a popular topic of research in the environmental field. Large amounts of organic pollutants, which are widely distributed in air, water, sediment, soil, and other environmental media, are created via industrial production and other human activities. A series of research projects have been carried out regarding the development of analytical methods for organic pollutants, the distribution of environmental media, environmental concentration, environmental fate, the exploration of new pollutants, and the non-target analysis of organic pollutants.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- regulated e-waste recycling --- polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) --- heavy metals --- environmental media --- vegetable --- risks --- cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) --- heart failure --- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) --- trace elements --- serum --- polyhaloaromatic compounds --- chemiluminescence --- analytical method --- Fenton system --- hydroxyl radicals --- bisphenol analogues --- zebrafish --- joint toxicity --- gene expression --- online monitoring --- diagnosis --- PCDD/F --- incineration --- feedback control --- volatile organic compounds (VOCs) --- reference materials (RMs) --- quality control (QC) --- water analysis --- resin --- adsorption --- pore size distribution --- chemical modification --- water treatment --- PCNs --- spatial distribution --- congener --- environmental risk --- sediment --- VOCs --- distribution --- risk assessment --- chemical industrial park --- phthalate --- dietary intake --- DEHP --- DBP --- DIBP --- bottled drink --- PFASs --- QSAR–ICE–SSD --- electroplating industry --- ecological risk assessment --- PAHs --- historical trends --- shallow lake --- economic parameters --- sources --- sediment core --- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry --- HBCD --- EPS --- XPS --- POPs --- tetrabromobisphenol A --- Xenopus laevis --- brain development --- thyroid hormone --- biphasic concentration-response --- composting --- turning frequency --- ammonia oxidizing bacterial --- ammonia oxidizing archaeal --- N fractions --- ammonia emission --- screening assay --- thibz gene --- multiwell plate --- biomass combustion --- CHP plant --- renewable energies --- emission --- organic pollutants --- bisphenol analogs --- oxidative stress --- dechlorane plus --- maternal blood --- sequential samples --- variation --- correlation --- bisphenol A --- emissions --- polypropylene --- bottom sediments --- environmental monitoring --- Odra River estuary --- organotin compounds --- trueness --- verification

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Sausages are privileged foods due to their diversity, nutritional value, deep roots in the culture of the peoples and economic importance. In order to increase the knowledge and to improve the quality and safety of these foods, an intense research activity was developed from the early decades of the past century. This book includes ten research works and a review showing important and interesting advances and new approaches in most of the research topics related to sausages. After an editorial of the Editor reflecting the aims and contents of the book, the initial five chapters deal with microbiological issues of the sausage manufacture (characterization and study of the bacterial communities of sausages, study of the metabolism and the technological and safety characteristics of concrete microbial strains, and use of starter cultures to improve the sausage quality). Chemical hazards also receive some attention in this book with a chapter on the optimization of the smoking process of traditional dry-cured meat products to minimize the presence of PAHs. The partial or total replacement of the traditional ingredients in sausages with unconventional raw materials for the obtaining of novel and varied products are the subject of three chapters. Next, a chapter is dedicated to another interesting topic, the search and the essay of natural substitutes for synthetic additives due to the increasing interest of consumers in healthier meat products. The book ends with an interesting review on the safety, quality and analytical authentication of halāl meat products, with particular emphasis on salami.

meat products --- antioxidant --- antimicrobials --- shelf-life --- plant extracts --- pomegranate --- cured meat products --- smoking --- chemical hazards --- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) --- food safety --- food quality --- lactic acid bacteria --- fermented sausages --- ecology --- breed --- breeding system --- dried Chinese sausage --- fat replacement --- mango peel pectin --- microwave-assisted extraction technique --- Italian-type salami --- ostrich meat --- sodium reduction --- fat reduction --- starter cultures --- meat processing --- probiotic --- dry fermented sausages --- healthy meats --- lactobacillus --- Lactobacillus sakei --- sugar metabolism --- amino acid metabolism --- 1H-NMR --- flow cytometry --- ḥalāl salami --- ḥalāl assurance --- authenticity --- staphylococci --- fermented meats --- high-throughput sequencing --- microbiota --- food reformulation --- healthy meat product --- game meat --- fatty acids --- volatile compounds --- sensory properties --- Galician chorizo --- Staphylococcus equorum --- Staphylococcus saprophyticus --- physicochemical characteristics --- free amino acids --- free fatty acids --- biogenic amines --- n/a --- ḥalāl salami --- ḥalāl assurance