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All forms of life depend on a variety of heavy metal ions. Nearly one-third of all gene products require a metal ion for proper folding or function. However, even metals generally regarded as non-poisonous are toxic at higher concentrations, including the essential ones. Thus, sensitive regulation of metal uptake, storage, allocation and detoxification is needed to maintain cellular homeostasis of heavy metal ions. Molecular Microbiology of Heavy Metals includes chapters on allocation of metals in cells, metal transporter, storage and metalloregulatory proteins, cellular responses to metal ion stress, transcription of genes involved in metal ion homeostasis, uptake of essential metals, metal efflux and other detoxification mechanisms. Also discussed are metal bioreporters for the nanomolar range of concentration and tools to address the metallome. Chapters in the second part cover specific metals such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Zn and Mo as key nutrient elements and Ag, As, Cd, Hg and Cr as toxic elements.

Bacteria -- Metabolism. --- Bacterial proteins -- Metabolism. --- Cation transport proteins -- Metabolism. --- Heavy metals -- Metabolism. --- Metabolic detoxication, Drug. --- Metal ions -- Metabolic detoxification. --- Metal ions -- Metabolism. --- Metals, Heavy -- Metabolism. --- Molecular genetics. --- Metal ions --- Heavy metals --- Molecular genetics --- Ion Pumps --- Proteins --- Organisms --- Biotransformation --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Elements --- Metals --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Inorganic Chemicals --- Phenomena and Processes --- Membrane Transport Proteins --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Membrane Proteins --- Carrier Proteins --- Metabolic Detoxication, Drug --- Metabolism --- Bacteria --- Cation Transport Proteins --- Metals, Heavy --- Bacterial Proteins --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Metabolic detoxification --- Metabolism. --- Metabolic detoxification. --- Life sciences. --- Organometallic chemistry. --- Biochemistry. --- Microbiology. --- Bacteriology. --- Microbial genetics. --- Microbial genomics. --- Life Sciences. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Microbial Genetics and Genomics. --- Organometallic Chemistry. --- Genomics --- Microbial genetics --- Microorganisms --- Genetics --- Microbiology --- Microbial biology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Chemistry, Organometallic --- Metallo-organic chemistry --- Chemistry, Organic --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Composition --- Molecular biology --- Ions --- Toxic metals --- Poisons --- Chemistry, Organic. --- Organic chemistry --- Organometallic chemistry .

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Natural and agro-ecosystems are frequently exposed to natural or synthetic substances, which, while they have no direct nutritional value or significance in metabolism, may negatively affect plant functioning. These, xenobiotics, may originate from both natural (fires, volcano eruptions, soil or rock erosion, biodegradation) and anthropogenic (air and soil pollution, herbicides) sources. And, while affected plants have only a limited number of possibilities for avoiding accumulation of these compounds, they do exhibit several enzymatic reactions for detoxification including oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis and conjugation reactions. In agro-ecosystems in particular these mechanisms have great significance in relation to herbicide detoxification and tolerance. In this volume an international group of experts present an overview of the nature and distribution of organic xenobiotics, including their uptake, effects on plant functioning and detoxification mechanisms. The particular significance of glutathione S-transferases in bio-indication and bio-monitoring, and in the detoxification of volatile organic air pollutants and herbicides is evaluated, and their potential significance in phytoremediation and bioaccumulation will be discussed. This volume will be of interest to a wide audience, from graduate students to senior researchers in a wide range of disciplines including plant ecology, plant biochemistry, agriculture and environmental management. It will also be of practical interest to environmentalists, policy makers and resource managers.

Plants -- Effect of xenobiotics on. --- Science. --- Xenobiotics -- Metabolic detoxication. --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Physiology --- Ecophysiology. --- Plants --- Xenobiotics. --- Plant physiology. --- Effect of xenobiotics on. --- Foreign chemical compounds --- Foreign compounds --- Xenobiotic compounds --- Plants, Effect of xenobiotics on --- Ecological physiology --- Environmental physiology --- Physiological ecology --- Physiology --- Life sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Plant ecology. --- Ecotoxicology. --- Environmental engineering. --- Biotechnology. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Physiology. --- Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Plant Ecology. --- Biochemistry --- Chemicals --- Xenobiotics --- Ecology --- Effect of chemicals on --- Physiological effect --- Environmental toxicology. --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Ecotoxicology --- Pollutants --- Pollution --- Environmental health --- Toxicology --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Environmental control --- Environmental effects --- Environmental stresses --- Engineering --- Environmental protection --- Sustainable engineering --- Floristic ecology

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Protein Modificomics: From Modifications to Clinical Perspectives comprehensively deals with all of the most recent aspects of post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins, including discussions on diseases involving PTMs, such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, X-linked spinal muscular atrophy-2, aneurysmal bone cyst, angelman syndrome and OFC10. The book also discusses the role PTMs play in plant physiology and the production of medicinally important primary and secondary metabolites. The understanding of PTMs in plants helps us enhance the production of these metabolites without greatly altering the genome, providing robust eukaryotic systems for the production and isolation of desired products without considerable downstream and isolation processes. Provides thorough insights into the posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins in both the plant and animal kingdom. Presents diagrammatic representations of various protein modification and estimation mechanisms in four-colors. Includes coverage of diseases involving posttranslational modifications.--

Proteomics. --- Proteins. --- Protein Processing, Post-Translational. --- Amino Acid Modification, Posttranslational --- Post-Translational Amino Acid Modification --- Post-Translational Modifications --- Post-Translational Protein Processing --- Posttranslational Amino Acid Modification --- Posttranslational Modifications --- Posttranslational Protein Processing --- Protein Processing, Post Translational --- Protein Processing, Posttranslational --- Amino Acid Modification, Post-Translational --- Post-Translational Protein Modification --- Protein Modification, Post-Translational --- Amino Acid Modification, Post Translational --- Modification, Post-Translational --- Modification, Post-Translational Protein --- Modification, Posttranslational --- Modifications, Post-Translational --- Modifications, Post-Translational Protein --- Modifications, Posttranslational --- Post Translational Amino Acid Modification --- Post Translational Modifications --- Post Translational Protein Modification --- Post Translational Protein Processing --- Post-Translational Modification --- Post-Translational Protein Modifications --- Posttranslational Modification --- Processing, Post-Translational Protein --- Processing, Posttranslational Protein --- Protein Modification, Post Translational --- Protein Modifications, Post-Translational --- Glycosylation --- Histone Code --- Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Molecular biology --- Proteins --- Post Translational Modification

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Drugs --- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions. --- Drug Interactions. --- Side effects --- Toxicology --- Side effects. --- Toxicology. --- drug misuse --- lack of drug efficacy --- medication errors --- adverse drug reactions --- Drug toxicity --- Adverse drug reactions --- Adverse reactions to drug therapy --- Chemotherapy --- Drug-induced disease --- Drug side effects --- Side effects of drugs --- Iatrogenic diseases --- Drug interactions --- Adverse Drug Event --- Adverse Drug Reaction --- Drug Side Effects --- Drug Toxicity --- Side Effects of Drugs --- Toxicity, Drug --- Adverse Drug Events --- Adverse Drug Reactions --- Drug Event, Adverse --- Drug Events, Adverse --- Drug Reaction, Adverse --- Drug Reactions, Adverse --- Drug Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions --- Drug Side Effect --- Drug Toxicities --- Effects, Drug Side --- Reactions, Adverse Drug --- Side Effect, Drug --- Side Effects, Drug --- Toxicities, Drug --- Drug Therapy --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Contraindications, Drug --- Drug Interactions --- Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic --- Medicaments --- Medications --- Medicine (Drugs) --- Medicines (Drugs) --- Pharmaceuticals --- Prescription drugs --- Bioactive compounds --- Medical supplies --- Pharmacopoeias --- Materia medica --- Pharmacology --- Pharmacy --- Drug Interaction --- Interaction, Drug --- Interactions, Drug --- Metabolic Detoxication, Phase I --- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions --- Metabolic Side Effects of Drugs and Substances --- Complications --- Adverse reactions --- Physiological effect --- adverse effects --- toxicity --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Pharmacotechnology. Preparations

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Drugs --- Drug interactions --- Drug Interactions --- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Substance-Related Disorders --- Médicaments --- Drug interactions. --- Electronic journals. --- Side effects --- Toxicology --- adverse effects --- Interactions --- Effets secondaires --- Side effects. --- Toxicology. --- Cyber journals --- Cyber magazines --- Cyber periodicals --- Cyber serials --- E-journals --- Ejournals --- Electronic magazines --- Electronic periodicals --- Electronic serials --- Internet journals (Electronic publications) --- Internet magazines (Electronic publications) --- Internet periodicals (Electronic publications) --- Internet serials (Electronic publications) --- Online journals --- Online magazines --- Online periodicals --- Online serials --- Periodicals in machine-readable form --- Web journals (Electronic publications) --- Web magazines (Electronic publications) --- Web periodicals (Electronic publications) --- Web serials (Electronic publications) --- World Wide Web journals (Electronic publications) --- World Wide Web magazines (Electronic publications) --- World Wide Web periodicals (Electronic publications) --- World Wide Web serials (Electronic publications) --- Drug toxicity --- Adverse drug reactions --- Adverse reactions to drug therapy --- Chemotherapy --- Drug-induced disease --- Drug side effects --- Side effects of drugs --- Interactions, Drug --- Substance Addiction --- Drug Abuse --- Drug Addiction --- Drug Dependence --- Drug Habituation --- Drug Use Disorders --- Organic Mental Disorders, Substance-Induced --- Substance Abuse --- Substance Dependence --- Substance Use Disorders --- Abuse, Drug --- Abuse, Substance --- Abuses, Substance --- Addiction, Drug --- Addiction, Substance --- Dependence, Drug --- Dependence, Substance --- Disorder, Drug Use --- Disorder, Substance Use --- Drug Use Disorder --- Habituation, Drug --- Organic Mental Disorders, Substance Induced --- Substance Abuses --- Substance Use Disorder --- Pharmaceutic Preparations --- Pharmaceutical Products --- Preparations, Pharmaceutical --- Preparations, Pharmaceutic --- Products, Pharmaceutical --- Adverse Drug Event --- Adverse Drug Reaction --- Drug Side Effects --- Drug Toxicity --- Side Effects of Drugs --- Toxicity, Drug --- Adverse Drug Events --- Adverse Drug Reactions --- Drug Event, Adverse --- Drug Events, Adverse --- Drug Reaction, Adverse --- Drug Reactions, Adverse --- Drug Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions --- Drug Side Effect --- Drug Toxicities --- Effects, Drug Side --- Reactions, Adverse Drug --- Side Effect, Drug --- Side Effects, Drug --- Toxicities, Drug --- Drug Therapy --- Drug Interaction --- Interaction, Drug --- Medicaments --- Medications --- Medicine (Drugs) --- Medicines (Drugs) --- Pharmaceuticals --- Prescription drugs --- Complications --- Adverse reactions --- toxicity --- Electronic publications --- Periodicals --- Iatrogenic diseases --- Prescription Drug Abuse --- Abuse, Prescription Drug --- Drug Abuse, Prescription --- Drug and Narcotic Control --- Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders --- Psychoses, Alcoholic --- Social Problems --- Street Drugs --- Designer Drugs --- Behavior, Addictive --- Codependency (Psychology) --- Alcohol-Related Disorders --- Prescription Drug Misuse --- Pharmacology --- Drug Dosage Calculations --- Contraindications, Drug --- Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic --- Metabolic Detoxication, Phase I --- Metabolic Side Effects of Drugs and Substances --- Bioactive compounds --- Medical supplies --- Pharmacopoeias --- Materia medica --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect --- Illicit Drugs --- Codependency, Psychological --- Chemical Dependence --- Substance Use --- Chemical Dependences --- Dependence, Chemical --- Dependences, Chemical --- Substance Uses --- Use, Substance --- Drug --- Pharmaceutical --- Pharmaceutical Preparation --- Pharmaceutical Product --- Preparation, Pharmaceutical --- Product, Pharmaceutical --- Drug Interactions. --- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions. --- Substance-Related Disorders. --- Substance Related Disorder --- Disorder, Substance Related --- Disorders, Substance Related --- Related Disorder, Substance --- Related Disorders, Substance