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This is an open access book. This book presents new theory and methods on compiling lithofacies paleogeographic maps as a key tool for guiding geological survey on shale gas. The fundamental goal of the shale gas geological survey is to find the 'desert' area. It is therefore suggested that the lithofacies paleogeographic study and the technique of mapping should be a solid scientific basis for shale gas exploration. It takes Ordovician Wufeng-Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin and its adjacent area as an example to illustrate how to find the 'desert' area of shale gas in geological survey phase by compiling lithofacies paleogeographic map. It's a valuable reference for both scientific research and teaching courses in the fields of sedimentary lithofacies, paleogeography, stratigraphy, and oil and gas.

Natural gas --- Lithofacies. --- Shale gas. --- Geology.

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The need for energy is increasing and at the same time production from the conventional reservoirs is declining quickly. This requires an economically and technically feasible source of energy for the coming years. Among some alternative future energy solutions the most approachable source is from unconventional reservoirs. As the name “unconventional” implies it requires different and challenging approach to characterize and to develop such a resource. This special issue covers some of the technical challenges for developing unconventional energy sources from shale gas/oil, tight gas sand, and coalbed methane.

bedding fractures --- failure criterion --- lamina --- tight oil --- tight sandstone --- finite element simulation --- numerical simulation --- unconventional reservoir --- permeability --- group method of data handling --- artificial neural network --- well logs --- sensitivity analysis --- tight gas reservoir --- multi-fractured horizontal well (MFHW) --- unstable productivity model --- productivity forecast --- influencing factor analysis --- horizontal well with multiple finite-conductivity fractures --- elliptical-shaped drainage --- productivity index --- non-Darcy flow --- pressure-dependent conductivity --- reservoir properties --- void space structure --- porosity --- complex rocks --- NMR --- MICP --- CT --- SEM --- coal-bearing tight sandstone --- organic-rich clasts --- occurrence --- classifications --- formation mechanisms --- Ordos Basin --- hydraulic fracturing --- fracturing fluids --- fluids-rock interaction --- environmental implication --- history matching --- semianalytic model --- unconventional gas reservoirs --- multistage fractured horizontal wells --- fractal theory --- pore structure --- heterogeneity --- NMR measurements --- multifractal analysis --- shale reservoir --- elastic properties --- brittleness --- rock physics --- brittle spot identification --- shale gas --- reservoir characteristics --- gas content --- eastern Sichuan Basin --- the Da’anzhai member --- pulse decay method --- gas adsorption --- dual media --- unconventional core --- natural fracture --- influencing factor --- oil production --- carbonate rock --- basement reservoir --- Jizhong Sub-basin --- dynamic pore network modeling --- shale reservoirs --- water imbibition --- discrete element method --- modified fluid-mechanical coupling algorithm --- injection sequence --- well spacing --- stress shadow effect --- seismic location --- microseismic events --- waveform stacking --- induced seismicity --- CBM --- surfactant --- solid-free drilling fluid --- CBM reservoir wettability --- machine learning --- lithofacies --- umiat --- Alaska --- proppant transportation --- cross fractures --- CFD simulation --- dimensional analysis --- equilibrium proppant height --- coalbed methane --- Lattice Boltzmann method --- gas diffusion --- adsorption–desorption --- pore-scale --- clay minerals --- pore structures --- tight gas reservoirs --- Xujiaweizi Rift --- Northern Songliao Basin --- methane adsorption isotherm --- coal properties --- gradient boosting decision tree --- estimation model --- shale gas reservoir --- geology --- Gibbs excess adsorption --- supercritical adsorption --- gas viscosity --- high voltage spark discharge --- electrohydraulic effect --- electrical conductivity --- drilling --- rock damage --- pressure waves --- water fracturing --- turbulence effect --- Eulerian multiphase modeling --- proppant transport mechanism --- equilibrium height prediction model --- adaptive filtering --- complex noise canceling --- electromagnetic telemetry --- multifractured horizontal wells --- production analysis --- irregular stimulated region --- natural gas hydrate --- seismic modeling --- fractional derivatives --- gas geochemical characteristics --- noble gas --- shale gas evolution --- Large Igneous Province (LIP) --- gas loss --- geological structure --- gas controlling pattern --- neutral surface --- tectonic movement --- Bumu region --- seismic interpretation --- depositional environments characteristics --- Wheeler diagram --- seismic attributes --- heterogeneous sequence --- sample size --- neutron scattering --- mercury injection capillary pressure --- adsorption --- shale --- junggar basin --- hong-che fault zone --- carboniferous --- volcanic reservoir --- main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation --- fracture --- vug --- micro CT --- carbonate --- wave velocity --- amorphous SiO2 --- X-ray diffraction --- X-ray fluorescence spectrometry --- scanning electron microscope --- quantitative analysis --- void ratio --- FEM --- ABAQUS --- matrix porosity --- kerogen porosity --- water saturation --- gas hydrate --- saturation --- deep learning --- recurrent neural network --- molecular simulation --- enhanced oil recovery --- methane --- shale petroleum --- technological development --- patent --- network analysis --- imbibition --- osmosis --- unconventional formations --- EOR --- water flooding