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La Révolution entreprend de rationaliser le droit de propriété en l’inscrivant dans la possession du sol. Pourtant, la situation du pays oblige à tolérer des usages qui fondent le rapport aux terres. La définition d’une nouvelle fiscalité, avec pour référence le cadastre fiscal, pousse à valoriser le propriétaire du sol, que le suffrage censitaire avantage jusqu’en 1848. Or, de la Corse au Nord, de la Bretagne à l’Alsace, des Pyrénées aux Ardennes, les cadres de vie présentent des spécificités difficiles à plier aux désirs des promoteurs d’un droit foncier privatif. Jusque dans les années 1960, cette relation conflictuelle est la matrice de la définition de l’exploitation agricole. The French Revolution undertook to rationalize the right of ownership by including it in land ownership. However, the country's situation forces us to tolerate uses that form the basis of the relationship with the land. The definition of a new tax system, with the tax registry as a reference, encourages the valuation of the owner of the land, which the censal suffrage benefits until 1848. However, from Corsica to the North, from Brittany to Alsace, from the Pyrenees to the Ardennes, living environments present specificities that are difficult to satisfy the desires of promoters of private land rights. Until the 1960s, this conflictual relationship was the matrix for the definition of farming.

History --- France (1789-1958) --- condition rurale --- agriculture --- cadastre --- propriété foncière --- rural condition --- land ownership

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Land tenure --- Agrarian tenure --- Feudal tenure --- Freehold --- Land ownership --- Land question --- Landownership --- Tenure of land --- Land use, Rural --- Real property --- Land, Nationalization of --- Landowners --- Serfdom

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Sustainable Life on Land, the fifteenth UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 15), calls for the protection, restoration and promotion of the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems. Among others, it requires societies to sustainably manage forests, halt and reverse land degradation, combat desertification, and halt biodiversity loss. Despite the fact that protection of terrestrial ecosystems is on the rise worldwide and forest loss has slowed, the recent IPBES report concluded that “nature is declining globally at rates unprecedented in human history”. Consequently, the United Nations General Assembly recently declared 2021–2030 the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. There is no doubt that the current global responses are far from sufficient and significant transformative changes of societies are needed to restore and protect nature and ecosystems. Transitioning to Sustainable Life on Land presents reviews, original research, and practical experiences from different disciplines with a focus on: theoretical and empirical reflection about the necessary transformation of values, institutions, markets, firms and policies, reviews and research on protection, restoration and sustainable use of diverse terrestrial ecosystems, analyses and reporting of encouraging local, regional, national, and global initiatives. Transitioning to Sustainable Life on Land is part of MDPI's new Open Access book series Transitioning to Sustainability. With this series, MDPI pursues environmentally and socially relevant research which contributes to efforts toward a sustainable world. Transitioning to Sustainability aims to add to the conversation about regional and global sustainable development according to the 17 SDGs. Set to be published in 2020/2021, the book series is intended to reach beyond disciplinary, even academic boundaries.

biodiversity --- economics and governance --- valuation and ethics --- justice and sufficiency --- zero net loss --- cultivated landscapes --- ecosystem restoration --- conservation agriculture --- agroforestry --- peatland --- land consolidation --- land tenure --- land ownership

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Die Bodenreform gehörte nach 1945 zu den wichtigsten Programmpunkten der Alliierten für eine demokratische Neugestaltung Deutschlands, und nicht allein in der sowjetischen Besatzungszone bildete die Bodenreform ein innenpolitisches Kernproblem. Günter J. Trittel hat für die britische Zone Entwicklung und Ergebnis der Auseinandersetzung zwischen der Besatzungsmacht einerseits und den widerstreitenden deutschen Parteien andererseits untersucht. Er weist nach, dass die gängige These, aufgrund des ökonomisch-politischen Übergewichts der USA sei die britische Besatzungspolitik weitgehend und frühzeitig den Absichten Washingtons gefolgt, jedenfalls für die Bodenreform nicht zutrifft. Obwohl in allen Ländern der britischen Zone bis Mitte 1949 eine Bodenreform gesetzlich geregelt war, wurden die Eigentumsverhältnisse in der Landwirtschaft kaum verändert. Die ursprünglich weitgehenden Reformpläne der Labour-Regierung in London waren damit gescheitert. Die Gründe dafür lagen jedoch nicht in einer Abhängigkeit der britischen Politik von Washington, maßgeblich waren vielmehr die wachsende Rücksichtnahme auf die wirtschaftliche Not in der britischen Zone, der Widerstand der deutschen Konservativen und nicht zuletzt der hemmende Einfluss der wenig reformfreudigen Militärregierung. Im Übrigen ergaben sich bemerkenswerte neue Aspekte zur Frühgeschichte der westdeutschen Parteien. Die Bodenreform gehörte nämlich zu den wichtigsten Themen der Jahre 1946/47, an deren Behandlung die Deutschen nicht nur mitwirken wollten, sondern sogar mitwirken sollten, erst beratend, dann bald in halber Selbständigkeit. So waren die Parteien gezwungen, in dieser wichtigen Frage schon früh Stellung zu beziehen und folgenreiche Vorentscheidungen zu treffen.

Land tenure --- -Land tenure --- -Agrarian tenure --- Feudal tenure --- Freehold --- Land ownership --- Land question --- Landownership --- Tenure of land --- Land use, Rural --- Real property --- Land, Nationalization of --- Landowners --- Serfdom --- Law and legislation --- -Law and legislation --- Agrarian tenure

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"Gender equality is one of the ten core principles of the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security. This guide aims to assist in its implementation through the achievement of responsible gender-equitable governance of land tenure. The guide focuses on equity and on how land tenure can be governed in ways that address the different needs and priorities of women and men. Gender-equitable governance of land tenure ensures that women and men can participate equally in their relationships to land, through both formal institutions and informal arrangements for land administration and management. The guide provides advice on mechanisms, strategies and actions that can be adopted to improve gender equity in the processes, institutions and activities of land tenure governance."--Publisher's description.

Land tenure --- Equality. --- Government policy. --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Agrarian tenure --- Feudal tenure --- Freehold --- Land ownership --- Land question --- Landownership --- Tenure of land --- Land use, Rural --- Real property --- Land, Nationalization of --- Landowners --- Serfdom