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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

NMR --- MRI --- Diffusion --- microstructure --- cell morphology --- Intracellular Space --- Extracellular Space --- Brain --- Prostate --- Spinal Cord

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Provides historical background and comprehensive reviews of ten topics that cover the spectrum of the complex intracellular structures of prokaryotes: proteasomes, phycobilisomes, chlorosomes, gas vesicles, carboxysomes, magnetosomes, intracytoplasmic membranes, membrane-bound nucleoids, anammoxosomes, and cytoarchitecture of Epulopiscium spp.

Prokaryotic Cells --- Bacteria --- Cell Physiology. --- Intracellular Space --- Prokaryotes. --- Procaryotes --- cytology. --- physiology. --- Bacteria -- Cytology. --- Cell Physiological Phenomena. --- Intracellular Space -- Physiology. --- Prokaryotic Cells -- Cytology. --- Prokaryotes --- Phenomena and Processes --- Cellular Structures --- Organisms --- Body Fluid Compartments --- Cells --- Tissues --- Anatomy --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Ultrastructure --- Microorganisms. --- Germs --- Micro-organisms --- Microbes --- Microscopic organisms --- Monera --- Procaryotae --- Prokaryonta --- Prokaryotae --- Prokaryotic protists --- Life sciences. --- Biochemistry. --- Microbiology. --- Bacteriology. --- Life Sciences. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Microbiology --- Microorganisms --- Microbial biology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition --- Ultrastructure. --- Ultrastructure (Biology)

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Parasitic protozoa, including some which are agents of human and veterinary diseases, display special cytoplasmic structures and organelles. Metabolic pathways have been discovered in these organelles which open up new possibilities for drug targets. This work presents reviews dealing with cytoskeletal structures such as the mastigont system found in trichomonads, the sub-pellicular microtubules in trypanosomatids and the paraflagellar rod. Further chapters cover structures involved in the synthesis, secretion and uptake of molecules, including the flagellar pocket of trypanosomatids, the reservosome of Trypanosoma and the megasome found in Leishmania, the traffic of vesicles in Entamoeba histolytica, secretory organelles and the secretory events of intestinal parasites during encystation. Reviews on special organelles, such as the kinetoplast-mitochondrion complex, the apicoplast found in Apicomplexa, the glycosomes in Kinetoplastida and the acidocalcisomes found in several protozoa complete the volume.

Cell organelles. --- Protista. --- Protozoa, Pathogenic --- Protista --- Protozoa --- Cytology --- Cytoskeleton --- Parasites --- Cell organelles --- Proteins --- Cytoplasmic Structures --- Organisms --- Cytoplasm --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Protozoan Proteins --- Organelles --- Eukaryota --- Intracellular Space --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Anatomy --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Protozoa, Pathogenic. --- Protists --- Pathogenic protozoa --- Life sciences. --- Microbiology. --- Life Sciences. --- Unicellular organisms --- Eukaryotic cells --- Pathogenic microorganisms --- Medical protozoology --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms

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This volume explores the cytoskeleton, examining its structural and functional roles and its dysfunctions which often lead to disease. Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and cytoskeletal functions and dysfunctions in different organ systems are thoroughly discussed. The text is organized into four sections, each of which covers specific subtopics. These consist of an introductory chapter followed by topics of current interest and expert-provided contributions which include each topic's key cell and molecular details. Comprehensive yet concise,  The Cytoskeleton in Health and Disease presents cutting- edge new knowledge balanced with background information, both of which are readily understandable for the newcomer and for the experienced researcher alike. The book highlights the new aspects of the research and its impact on  the design of new strategies or the identification of new targets for therapeutic intervention. This book will be essential reading for scientists, students, teachers who are interested in expanding their knowledge related to the cytoskeleton for diagnostic, therapeutic or research-based purposes.

Life Sciences. --- Cell Physiology. --- Cell Cycle Analysis. --- Life sciences. --- Cell cycle. --- Cytology. --- Sciences de la vie --- Cycle cellulaire --- Cytologie --- Cytoskeleton --- Microtubules --- Microtubule Proteins --- Microfilament Proteins --- Physiology --- Biopolymers --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Cytoplasmic Structures --- Polymers --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Cytoplasm --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Macromolecular Substances --- Intracellular Space --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Anatomy --- Cytology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Cytoskeleton. --- Cell skeleton --- Skeleton, Cell --- Cell physiology. --- Mitotic cycle --- Nuclear cycle (Cytology) --- Biological rhythms --- Cell function

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Mitochondria as Targets for Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention and Therapy has three major themes. Theme one describes the current knowledge on environmental and genetic factors that cause cancer initiation and progression, the role of mitochondria in regulating the process of carcinogenesis, and cell death pathways. Theme two focuses on the elucidation of key target proteins that could be exploited for cancer prevention, an overview of phytochemicals in cancer prevention, updates on basic research related to phytochemical action critical for cancer prevention, and translational knowledge on cancer prevention by phytochemicals. Theme three infers on phytochemicals targeting mitochondria for cancer therapy, an overview of the action of phytochemicals on cancer stem cells, updates on the role of microRNA in phytochemicals-based therapy of cancer, and a summary of phytochemicals-based translation research on prevention and therapy for metastatic cancer. Highlighting the above topics will bring new knowledge to readers in focus areas such as mitochondria, phytochemicals, and cancer research. This will enhance understanding of key issues related to basic and translational scientific research in cancer. Based on its scope and contents, this book is highly relevant to a wide audience including scientists and clinicians from cancer hospitals and cancer research institutions, nutritional biochemists, and cancer researchers in graduate and undergraduate universities. About the Editor Dr. Dhyan Chandra is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics at Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA. He has been a cancer researcher for more than 15 years focusing on how mitochondria-mediated cell death could be targeted for cancer prevention and therapy. He is also interested in understanding how mitochondria dysfunction regulates the process of carcinogenesis. He has served as reviewer for scientific journals and funding agencies, is on the editorial board of several science journals, and has delivered lectures at numerous conferences and academic institutions. He is the recipient of multiple awards including the American Cancer Society Scholar Award, the Howard Temin Award, and the Postdoctoral Fellowship Award.            .

DNA, Mitochondrial. --- Mitochondria. --- Stem cells. --- Cytology --- Life sciences --- Oncology --- Diseases --- Organelles --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Cytoplasmic Structures --- Phenomena and Processes --- Cytoplasm --- Intracellular Space --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Anatomy --- Neoplasms --- Metabolism --- Mitochondria --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Cancer --- Treatment. --- Cancer therapy --- Cancer treatment --- Chondriosomes --- Therapy --- Life sciences. --- Cancer research. --- Cell biology. --- Apoptosis. --- Life Sciences. --- Cell Biology. --- Cancer Research. --- Cell organelles --- Protoplasm --- Cytology. --- Oncology. --- Tumors --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cytologists --- Cell death --- Cancer research