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Serotonin --- Neural transmission. --- Neurochemistry. --- Biochemistry --- Neurosciences --- Nerve transmission --- Nervous transmission --- Neurotransmission --- Synaptic transmission --- Transmission of nerve impulses --- Neural circuitry --- Neurophysiology --- Neurotransmitters --- Physiological effect.

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Neural transmission. --- Nervous system --- Diseases --- Treatment. --- Nerve transmission --- Nervous transmission --- Neurotransmission --- Synaptic transmission --- Transmission of nerve impulses --- Neural circuitry --- Neurophysiology --- Neurotransmitters

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Like the cracking of the genetic code and the creation of the atomic bomb, the discovery of how the brain's neurons work is one of the fundamental scientific developments of the twentieth century. The discovery of neurotransmitters revolutionized the way we think about the brain and what it means to be human yet few people know how they were discovered, the scientists involved, or the fierce controversy about whether they even existed. The War of the Soups and the Sparks tells the saga of the dispute between the pharmacologists, who had uncovered the first evidence that nerves communicate by releasing chemicals, and the neurophysiologists, experts on the nervous system, who dismissed the evidence and remained committed to electrical explanations. The protagonists of this story are Otto Loewi and Henry Dale, who received Nobel Prizes for their work, and Walter Cannon, who would have shared the prize with them if he had not been persuaded to adopt a controversial theory (how that happened is an important part of this history). Valenstein sets his story of scientific discovery against the backdrop of two world wars and examines the fascinating lives of several scientists whose work was affected by the social and political events of their time. He recounts such stories as Loewi's arrest by Nazi storm troopers and Dale's efforts at helping key scientists escape Germany. The War of the Soups and the Sparks reveals how science and scientists work. Valenstein describes the observations and experiments that led to the discovery of neurotransmitters and sheds light on what determines whether a novel concept will gain acceptance among the scientific community. His work also explains the immense importance of Loewi, Dale, and Cannon's achievements in our understanding of the human brain and the way mental illnesses are conceptualized and treated.

Neurotransmitters --- Neural transmission --- Nerve transmission --- Nervous transmission --- Neurotransmission --- Synaptic transmission --- Transmission of nerve impulses --- Neural circuitry --- Neurophysiology --- Chemical nerve transmitters --- Nerve transmitter substances --- Neural transmitters --- Neurohumors --- Neuroregulators --- Synaptic transmitters --- Transmitters, Chemical nerve --- Transmitters, Synaptic --- Neurochemistry --- History.

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The transmission of the nervous impulse is always from the dendritic branches and the cell body to the axon or functional process. Every neuron, then, possesses a receptor apparatus, the body and the dendritic prolongations, an apparatus of emission, the axon, and the apparatus of distribution, the terminal arborization of the nerve fibers. I designated the foregoing principle: the theory of dynamic polarization (Cajal 1923). Ever since the beautiful drawings from Golgi and Cajal, we have been familiar with the organisation of neurones into dendritic, somatic and axonal compartments. Cajal proposed that these cellular compartments were specialised, resulting in his concept of ^dynamic polarisation'. He considered dendrites to be passive elements that simply transferred information from inputs to the soma. Since the discovery that dendrites of many neural populations release neuroactive substances and in doing so, alter neuronal output, it is now apparent that this theory requires qualification. This book presents recent developments in the neurophysiology of dendritic release of several chemical classes of transmitters in a number of different areas of the mammalian central nervous system. Once released from a neuron, these substances can act as neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators, to autoregulate the original neuron, its synaptic inputs, and adjacent cells or, by volume transmission, to affect distant cells. In some systems, dendritic transmitter release is part independent of secretion from axon terminal signifying a selective control of the dendritic compartment.

Neural transmission. --- Dendrites. --- Neurotransmitters. --- Nerve transmission --- Nervous transmission --- Neurotransmission --- Synaptic transmission --- Transmission of nerve impulses --- Neural circuitry --- Neurophysiology --- Neurotransmitters --- Chemical nerve transmitters --- Nerve transmitter substances --- Neural transmitters --- Neurohumors --- Neuroregulators --- Synaptic transmitters --- Transmitters, Chemical nerve --- Transmitters, Synaptic --- Neurochemistry --- Neural transmission --- Neurons --- Neurosciences. --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system

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Synapses play a central role in the brain by mediating signal transmission between neurons. This book provides a fundamental description of the synapse by leading experts in the field. Each individual synapse carries out its numerous functions in a tiny space, thereby requiring an exquisite molecular and functional arrangement. This book describes the molecular structure and cellular function of central synapses in the brain, providing a detailed view of the brain’s fundamental unit of information storage.

Neural transmission. --- Synapses. --- Nerve endings --- Nerves --- Neural circuitry --- Neural transmission --- Synaptosomes --- Nerve transmission --- Nervous transmission --- Neurotransmission --- Synaptic transmission --- Transmission of nerve impulses --- Neurophysiology --- Neurotransmitters --- Neurosciences. --- Neurobiology. --- Neurology. --- Medicine --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Neurosciences --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Diseases --- Neurology .