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Science, Medieval --- Medieval science --- Philosophy. --- Geschichte 1200-1500 --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities
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Sherri Franks Johnson explores the roles of religious women in the changing ecclesiastical and civic structure of late medieval Bologna, demonstrating how convents negotiated a place in their urban context and in the church at large. During this period Bologna was the most important city in the Papal States after Rome. Using archival records from nunneries in the city, Johnson argues that communities of religious women varied in the extent to which they sought official recognition from the male authorities of religious orders. While some nunneries felt that it was important to their religious life to gain recognition from monks and friars, others were content to remain local and autonomous. In a period often described as an era of decline and the marginalization of religious women, Johnson shows instead that they saw themselves as active participants in their religious orders, in the wider church and in their local communities.
Monasticism and religious orders for women --- Monastic and religious life of women --- Monachisme et ordres religieux féminins --- Vie monastique et religieuse féminines --- Frauenkloster. --- Frauenorden. --- Monastic and religious life of women / Italy / Bologna. --- Monasticism and religious orders for women / Italy / Bologna. --- Nonne. --- Geschichte 1200-1500. --- Bologna. --- Monastic life --- Spiritual life --- Women in Christianity --- Convents --- Nuns --- Sisterhoods --- Christianity --- Catholic Church
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The following study analyses the factors behind the spread of sugar cane from the East to the West, the geography of its establishment in the Mediterranean era and reconstitutes the processes of sugar production and the organisation of work in the plantations and medieval sugar factories. It questions the quality of sugar produced and the evolution of prices of this commodity. It establishes the conditions of its transport and trade. Finally, it studies the different uses of sugar, including in medicins and diets. Sugar was triumphant as a food stuff and became an indispensable ingredient in the confectionery and pastry, which decorated the tables of the royal courts. It remained a luxury product reserved for the high society.
Sugar trade --- Sugar --- Sucre --- History --- Industrie --- Histoire --- Mediterranean Region --- Méditerranée, Région de la --- Commerce --- Méditerranée, Région de la --- Cane sugar --- Sugarcane products --- Sugars --- Sugar bounties --- Sugar industry --- Sweetener industry --- Circum-Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Area --- Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Sea Region --- Habitudes alimentaires --- Pharmacopées --- Zuckerhandel --- Zuckerproduktion --- Geschichte 1200-1500 --- Mittelmeerraum --- Sugar trade - Mediterranean Region - History - To 1500 --- Sugar - History - To 1500 --- Mediterranean Region - Commerce - History - To 1500 --- Industrie sucrière --- Confiserie --- Pharmacopée --- Méditerranée (région) --- Moyen âge --- Production
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This publication offers a wide-ranging account of the Mongols in western and eastern Asia in the aftermath of Genghis Khan’s disruptive invasions of the early thirteenth century, focusing on the significant cultural, social, religious and political changes that followed in their wake. The issues considered concern art, governance, diplomacy, commerce, court life, and urban culture in the Mongol world empire as originally presented at a 2003 symposium at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and now distilled in this volume. This collection of 23 papers by many of the main authorities in the field demonstrates both the scope and the depth of the current state of Mongol-related studies and will undoubtedly inspire and provoke further research. The text is profusely illustrated by 30 color and 112 black-and-white illustrations. Contributors are: Sheila S. Blair, Jonathan M. Bloom, Devin DeWeese, Teresa Fitzherbert, Bert G. Fragner, Robert Hillenbrand, Dietrich Huff, Ralph Kauz, Linda Komaroff, Dickran Kouymjian, Mark Kramarovsky, Donald P. Little, Charles Melville, David Morgan, Bernard O'Kane, Judith Pfeiffer, George Saliba, Noriyuki Shiraishi, Marianna Shreve Simpson, Eleanor Sims, John Masson Smith Jr., Abolala Soudavar, Oliver Watson and Elaine Wright.
Mongols --- History --- Congresses --- Histoire --- Congrès --- Genghis Khan, --- Ilkhanid dynasty --- Congresses. --- Iran --- Mogul Empire --- Empire moghol --- Mongolen. --- Geschichte 1200-1500. --- Iran. --- Mongoolse rijk. --- Congrès --- Mongolians --- República Islâmica do Irã --- Irã --- Persia --- Northern Tier --- Islamic Republic of Iran --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Īrān --- I-lang --- Paras-Iran --- Paras --- Persia-Iran --- I.R.A. --- Islamische Republik Iran --- Islamskai︠a︡ Respublika Iran --- I.R.I. --- IRI --- ايران --- جمهورى اسلامى ايران --- Êran --- Komarî Îslamî Êran --- Altaic peoples --- Ethnology --- Ilkhāns (dynastie) --- 1256-1501 --- Mughal Empire
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