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This book deals with gamma radiation in many fields, which encompasses diverse factors that affect human and animal life inside an environment. These fields include nuclear and medical physics, industrial processes, environmental sciences, radiation biology, radiation chemistry, radiotherapy, agriculture and forestry, sterilization, the food industry, and so on. The book covers an overview of gamma background radiations and measurements, radioactive decay, radioecological applications in environmental gamma dosimetry, gamma-ray interaction, monocolor gamma, influence of gamma radiation on dynamical mechanical properties, influence of low-dose gamma irradiation treatments on microbial decontamination, gamma-ray ionization enhancement in tissues, gas-filled surge arresters, modeling plastic deformation located in irradiated materials, radiotherapy, application of radiation and genetic engineering techniques, and gamma-ray measurements using unmanned aerial systems. This book is expected to benefit undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, teachers, practitioners, policy makers, and every individual who has a concern for a healthy life.
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This book introduces young researchers to the exciting field of ultra-high energy astrophysics including charged particles, gamma rays and neutrinos. At ultra-high energy the radiation is produced by interactions of cosmic ray particles accelerated in explosive events such as supernovae or hypernovae, black holes or, possibly, the big bang. Through direct contact with senior scientists, now actively planning the next generation of experiments/models, the excitement and motivation for research at ultra-high energy was conveyed. The underpinning of these fields is a synthesis of knowledge and t
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Gamma rays. --- Gamma radiation --- Electromagnetic waves --- Ionizing radiation
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Gamma radiation has been discovered since more than a century and contributed in many achievements in human life. Continuous developments make it necessary to have more understandings and more discussions about well-established concepts as well as newly implemented hypothesis and applications of gamma rays. This book presents new visions of gamma ray spectrometry and applications. I hope this book can present part of the useful applications of gamma rays.
Gamma rays. --- Gamma radiation --- Electromagnetic waves --- Ionizing radiation --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- High Energy Physics --- Nuclear Physics --- Physics
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"The research program in gamma-ray astronomy focuses on increasing our knowledge of the nature and origin of galactic and extragalactic gamma rays, and understanding high-energy processes in the Sun, celestial objects, interstellar medium, and extragalactic space. This book not only provides an overview of the latest research and future plans for space-borne and ground-based experiments dedicated to the observation of the gamma-ray sky, but also addresses the topic of variable gamma-ray sources from the perspective of their identification and counterparts at different wavelengths. It further gives an overview of the theory related to the most qualified emission processes that take place in these sources and of the nature of their variability."
Gamma ray astronomy --- Gamma ray sources --- Gamma ray production --- Gamma sources --- Sources, Gamma ray --- Gamma rays --- Radiation sources
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An important, open research topic today is to understand the relevance that dark matter halo substructure may have for dark matter searches. In the standard cosmological model, halo substructure or subhalos are predicted to be largely abundant inside larger halos, for example, galaxies such as ours, and are thought to form first and later merge to form larger structures. Dwarf satellite galaxies—the most massive exponents of halo substructure in our own galaxy—are already known to be excellent targets for dark matter searches, and indeed, they are constantly scrutinized by current gamma-ray experiments in the search for dark matter signals. Lighter subhalos not massive enough to have a visible counterpart of stars and gas may be good targets as well, given their typical abundances and distances. In addition, the clumpy distribution of subhalos residing in larger halos may boost the dark matter signals considerably. In an era in which gamma-ray experiments possess, for the first time, the exciting potential to put to test the preferred dark matter particle theories, a profound knowledge of dark matter astrophysical targets and scenarios is mandatory should we aim for accurate predictions of dark matter-induced fluxes for investing significant telescope observing time on selected targets and for deriving robust conclusions from our dark matter search efforts. In this regard, a precise characterization of the statistical and structural properties of subhalos becomes critical. In this Special Issue, we aim to summarize where we stand today on our knowledge of the different aspects of the dark matter halo substructure; to identify what are the remaining big questions, and how we could address these; and, by doing so, to find new avenues for research.
gamma rays --- indirect searches. --- semi-analytic modeling --- cosmological model --- indirect dark matter searches --- particle dark matter --- indirect detection --- gamma-rays and neutrinos --- galactic subhalos --- indirect searches --- statistical data analysis --- subhalo boost --- dark matter halos --- halo substructure --- structure formation --- dark matter annihilation --- dark matter searches --- dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies --- galactic sub-halos --- subhalos --- dwarf spheroidal galaxies --- gamma-rays --- cosmological N-body simulations --- dark matter
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It is common believe that the centers of all galaxies exhibit supermassive black holes with masses ranging from millions up to billions of the mass of our Sun. By accreting surrounding matter, the luminosity of these galactic nuclei can outshine the emission of their host galaxies. If this is the case, they are called active galactic nuclei. Some of these objects eject powerful outflows composed of plasma, called jets. These jets can produce non-thermal radiation which observable across the entire electromagnetic spectrum from radio up to the gamma-ray frequencies. At highest frequencies (TeV range) most of the detected active galaxies have jets directed along or close to the line of sight. However, also galaxies with larger angles to the line of sight showing fascinating features were discovered, in seeming contradiction to traditional models for these so-called radio galaxies. Thus, the latter are of particular importance for understanding active galactic nuclei in general. This Special Issue contains reviews and research articles about the current knowledge of radio galaxies at TeV energies, including observational results and theoretical models. It is intended to guide the interested reader deeper into this fascinating discipline of modern day astronomy.
radiation mechanisms: non-thermal --- emission: non-thermal --- 3C 84 --- radio galaxies --- TeV ?-rays --- X-rays: binaries --- general relativity --- jets --- Centaurus A --- light curve --- particle acceleration --- galaxies: active --- discrete correlation function --- relativistic processes ISM: jets and outflows --- VLBA --- origin: jet --- stars: black holes --- GeV ?-rays --- galaxies: jets --- magnetohydrodynamics --- active galactic nuclei --- radio galaxy --- origin: black hole --- TeV emission --- radio interferometry --- gamma-rays --- gamma-rays: observation --- gamma-rays: theory --- active galactic nucleus
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This book summarizes the science to be carried out by the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array, a major ground-based gamma-ray observatory that will be constructed over the next six to eight years. The major scientific themes, as well as core program of key science projects, have been developed by the CTA Consortium, a collaboration of scientists from many institutions worldwide. CTA will be the major facility in high-energy and very high-energy photon astronomy over the next decade and beyond. CTA will have capabilities well beyond past and present observatories. Thus, CTA's science program is expected to be rich and broad and will complement other major multiwavelength and multimessenger facilities. This book is intended to be the primary resource for the science case for CTA and it thus will be of great interest to the broader physics and astronomy communities. The electronic version (e-book) is available in open access.
Gamma ray astronomy. --- Astronomy. --- Cherenkov Telescope Array (Observatory) --- Astronomy --- Space astronomy --- CTA (Observatory) --- Gamma Rays --- Astrophysics --- Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) --- Cherenkov Telescopes --- Astroparticle Physics --- Multiwavelength --- Multimessenger --- Dark Matter
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The threat of nuclear "dirty" bombs, a growing shift to nuclear energy, and new medical therapies using radiation are just some of the current developments bringing new importance to dosimetry? the detection and measurement of radiation. This comprehensive volume is indispensable to engineers and scientists working in dosimetry to protect the health and safety of radiation workers and the general public. Ranging from basic theory to advance concepts, this complete reference covers the physics of radiation, the biological effects of radiation, and the technology of radiation sensing and measurement. It provides a useful guide to commercially available dosimetry equipment and explains their applications. Surveying current and cutting-edge methods and materials used to detect radiation and record dosages, the book also explores novel approaches for designing new low-cost radiation sensors and furthering dosimetry research.
Radiation --- Radiation dosimetry. --- Gamma rays. --- Gamma radiation --- Electromagnetic waves --- Ionizing radiation --- Dosimetry --- Radiation monitoring --- Nuclear counters --- Radiometry --- Electromagnetic measurements --- Measurement. --- Dosage --- Measurement
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This book presents the progress in cosmic ray physics following the recent results obtained by balloon, satellite and underground experiments. The following topics are reviewed: Composition and propagation of cosmic rays, trapping of charged particles in the earth's magnetic field, atmospheric neutrinos, and high energy photon measurements in space.
Antimatter --- Cosmic rays --- Dark matter (Astronomy) --- Gamma rays --- Matter --- Neutrinos --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Photons --- Atoms --- Dynamics --- Gravitation --- Physics --- Substance (Philosophy) --- Gamma radiation --- Electromagnetic waves --- Ionizing radiation --- Properties
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