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This book is a ""world first"", since the furfural industry has been traditionally secretive to the point of appearing shrouded in clouds of mystery. Even renowned encyclopedic works have published but scant and often erroneous information on the subject. Striking a healthy balance between theory and practice, the book leads the reader from reaction mechanisms and kinetics to the technology of making furfural by various old and new processes, using conventional raw materials or sulfite waste liquor. Detailed discussions of means of increasing the yield are of great chemical and technologi

Furfural. --- Furfural --- Ant oil, Artificial --- Artificial ant oil --- Bran oil --- Furaldehyde --- Furfuraldehyde --- Furfurly aldehyde --- Furfurol --- Furol --- Pyromucic aldehyde --- Aldehydes --- Furans --- Derivatives.

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The objective of this Special Issue is to provide new contributions in the area of biomass valorization using heterogeneous catalysts and focusing specifically on the structure/activity relationships of specific and important oxidation, hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation and biocatalytic processes. The issue emphasizes the influence of the design and morphology of the catalyst, in terms of particle size, redox and acid-base properties and catalyst stability. Finally, mechanistic studies and examples of design and optimization of industrial processes are presented.

furfural --- MPV reaction --- acid–base characterization --- methylbutynol test reaction --- Fischer–Tropsch synthesis --- Co/SBA–15 --- pore size --- pore length --- dry gel conversion --- MFI zeolite --- particle sizes --- silica sources --- hydrodeoxygenation --- biocatalysis --- bio-based platform chemicals --- furans --- reduction --- whole cells --- nickel phosphide --- cellobiose --- sorbitol --- MCM-41 --- hydrolytic hydrogenation --- zeolites --- catalysis --- solid acid --- solid base --- chemical modification --- alkylation --- glycosidation --- 2 methyl-furan --- catalyst design --- iron --- magnesium oxide --- catalytic hydrogen transfer reduction --- methanol --- diffusion --- ab initio --- industrial design --- H-ZSM-5 --- multiscale modeling --- adiabatic reactor --- zeolite catalysis --- hydrogenation --- palladium --- nanoparticles --- capping agent --- sol-immobilization --- furoic acid --- gold --- hydrotalcite --- oxidation --- bimetallic nanoparticles --- base-free --- green oxidation --- embedded catalysts --- biomass --- Eucalyptus globulus wood --- cross-flow autohydrolysis --- kinetic modeling --- hemicellulose-derived products --- gold catalysis --- selective oxidation --- colloidal synthesis --- 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural --- 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid --- particle size --- biomass conversion --- in-situ synthesis --- Sn-Beta zeolite --- isomorphous substitution --- glucose --- HMF --- oxidative condensation --- furan-2-acrolein --- Pd-based catalysts --- n/a --- acid-base characterization --- Fischer-Tropsch synthesis --- Co/SBA-15

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Biomass has received significant attention as a sustainable feedstock that can replace diminishing fossil fuels in the production of value-added chemicals and energy. Many new catalytic technologies have been developed for the conversion of biomass feedstocks into valuable biofuels and bioproducts. However, many of these still suffer from several disadvantages, such as weak catalytic performance, harsh reaction conditions, a high processing cost, and questionable sustainability, which limit their further applicability/development in the immediate future. In this context, the esterification of carboxylic acids represents a very valuable solution to these problems, requiring mild reaction conditions and being advantageously integrable with many existing processes of biomass conversion. An emblematic example is the acid-catalyzed hydrothermal route for levulinic acid production, already upgraded to that of higher value alkyl levulinates, obtained by esterification or directly by biomass alcoholysis. Many other chemical processes benefit from esterification, such as the synthesis of biodiesel, which includes monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids prepared from renewable vegetable oils and animal fats, or that of cellulose esters, mainly acetates, for textile uses. Even pyrolysis bio-oil should be stabilized by esterification to neutralize the acidity of carboxylic acids and moderate the reactivity of other typical biomass-derived compounds, such as sugars, furans, aldehydes, and phenolics. This Special Issue reports on the recent main advances in the homogeneous/heterogeneous catalytic conversion of model/real biomass components into ester derivatives that are extremely attractive for both the academic and industrial fields. Dr. Domenico Licursi Guest Editor

eugenol --- acetylation --- flint kaolin --- mesoporous aluminosilicate --- functionalization --- heterogeneous catalysis --- n-butyl levulinate --- alcoholysis --- butanolysis --- Eucalyptus nitens --- microwaves --- biorefinery --- diesel blends --- process intensification --- hydrolysis --- solvothermal process --- alkyl levulinate --- levulinic acid --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- furfural --- humins --- biomass ester derivatives --- solvothermal processing --- γ-valerolactone --- Ni-Fe bimetallic catalysts --- ABE fermentation --- Ni-MgO-Al2O3 catalyst --- biofuel --- catalytic performance --- sewage scum --- methyl (R)-10-hydroxystearate --- FAMEs --- biodiesel --- estolides --- cardoon --- waste biomass --- bio-fuels --- heterogeneous catalysts --- combustion --- PEG --- transesterification --- n/a

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Renewable fuels and chemicals derived from lignocellulosic biomass offer unprecedented opportunities for replacing fossil fuel derivatives, reducing our overdependence on imported oil, and mitigating current climate change trends. Despite technical developments and considerable efforts, breakthrough technologies are still required to overcome hurdles in developing sustainable biorefineries. In recent years, new biorefinery concepts including a lignin-first approach and a closed-loop biorefinery have been introduced to tackle technoeconomic challenges. Furthermore, researchers have advanced the development of new technologies which enable the utilization of biomass components for sustainable materials. It is now apparent that advanced processes are essential for ensuring the success of future biorefineries. This book presents processes for biomass fractionation, lignin valorization, and sugar conversion or introduces new bioproducts (chemicals and materials) from renewable resources, addressing the current status, technical/technoeconomic challenges, and new strategies.

Biomass --- two-step pretreatment --- steam explosion --- organosolv treatment --- empty fruit bunch --- pinewood --- green pretreatment --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- lignin structural features --- poplar --- FTIR --- contaminants --- by-products --- lignin valorization --- lignin applications --- 3D printing --- electrochemical material --- medical application --- drying effect --- cellulose --- hornification --- porosity --- bioethanol --- economic analysis --- hand sanitiser --- oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) --- simultaneous saccharification and fermentation --- SuperPro Designer® --- renewable fuel --- high-density fuel --- α-pinene dimerization --- turpentine --- stannic chloride molten salt hydrates --- xylooligosaccharides --- autohydrolysis --- sweet sorghum bagasse --- isobutanol --- biorefinery --- metabolic engineering --- biomass utilization --- aqueous biphasic system --- dilute acid hydrolysate --- furfural production --- solvent extraction --- response surface methodology --- biomass fractionation --- bioproducts

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Due to their distinctive properties, ionic liquids have attracted the great and unflagging interest of researchers for over 30 years. This interest has been focused mainly on their use as a green alternative to volatile organic solvents. However, they often act not only as solvents but also as catalysts, catalyst immobilizers and initiators. Over 100 types of chemical reactions are known in which ionic liquids (ILs) were applied successfully. This Special Issue is aimed at showing the most recent advances and trends in the design, synthesis and characterization of catalysts based on ILs, as well as presenting their activity and application potential.

oxidation --- N-hydroxyphthalimide --- immobilization --- ionic liquids --- SCILL --- plasticizers --- acidic catalysis --- terephthalate esters --- ortho-phthalate esters --- esterification --- solvents --- hydrosilylation --- alkynes --- heterogeneous catalysis --- rhodium catalysts --- cellulose --- deep eutectic solvents --- 5-HMF --- biphasic system --- homogeneous catalysis --- supercritical CO2 --- borylative coupling --- catalyst recycling --- green chemistry --- ruthenium catalyst --- vinyl boronates --- organoboron compounds --- biomass --- microwaves --- Michael reaction --- chalcone --- dimethylmalonate --- biphasic catalysis --- platinum complexes --- acidic ionic liquid --- Eucalyptus wood --- furfural --- levulinic acid --- supported ionic liquid catalyst (SILCA) --- palladium --- Heck reaction --- catalyst screening --- optimization --- hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulose --- cellulose recovery and bleaching --- paper industry sludge --- municipal primary sludge --- value-added chemicals --- ionic liquid --- heterogeneous catalyst --- SILPC --- porous ionic liquids --- supported ionic liquid phase --- n/a