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This volume explores problems in the history of science at the intersection of life sciences and agriculture, from the mid-eighteenth to the mid-twentieth century. Taking a comparative national perspective, the book examines agricultural practices in a broad sense, including the practices and disciplines devoted to land management, forestry, soil science, and the improvement and management of crops and livestock. The life sciences considered include genetics, microbiology, ecology, entomology, forestry, and deal with US, European, Russian, Japanese, Indonesian, Chinese contexts. The book shows that the investigation of the border zone of life sciences and agriculture raises many interesting questions about how science develops. In particular it challenges one to re-examine and take seriously the intimate connection between scientific development and the practical goals of managing and improving – perhaps even recreating – the living world to serve human ends. Without close attention to this zone it is not possible to understand the emergence of new disciplines and transformation of old disciplines, to evaluate the role and impact of such major figures of science as Humboldt and Mendel, or to appreciate how much of the history of modern biology has been driven by national ambitions and imperialist expansion in competition with rival nations.

Science, general. --- History of Science. --- Agriculture. --- Agricultural Economics. --- Science --- Farm economics. --- Sciences --- Agriculture --- History. --- Histoire --- Science (General). --- Science_xHistory. --- History & Archaeology --- History - General --- Life sciences --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Agricultural economics. --- Agrarian question --- Agribusiness --- Agricultural economics --- Agricultural production economics --- Production economics, Agricultural --- Land use, Rural --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Food supply --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Economic aspects

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This book covers the basic theory of how, what and when firms should produce to maximise profits. Based on the neoclassical theory of the firm presented in most general microeconomic textbooks, it extends the general treatment and focuses on the application of the theory to specific problems that the firm faces when making production decisions to maximise profits. Increasing level of government regulation and the use of specialised and often very expensive equipment in modern production motivates the following focus areas: 1) How to optimise production under restrictions., 2) Treatment of fixed inputs and the process of input fixation, 3) Optimisation of production over time, 4) Linear and Mixed Integer Programming as tools for optimisation in practice. This updated second edition includes a more comprehensive introduction to the theory of decision making under risk and uncertainty as well as a new chapter on how to use linear programming to generate the supply function of the firm.

Consumption (Economics). --- Macroeconomics. --- Production (Economic theory). --- Supply-side economics. --- Production functions (Economic theory) --- Production (Economic theory) --- Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Functions, Production (Economic theory) --- Mathematical models --- Production management. --- Microeconomics. --- Agricultural economics. --- Economics. --- Operations Management. --- Agricultural Economics. --- Agrarian question --- Agribusiness --- Agricultural economics --- Agricultural production economics --- Agriculture --- Production economics, Agricultural --- Land use, Rural --- Price theory --- Economics --- Manufacturing management --- Industrial management --- Economic aspects --- Farm economics. --- Economic aspects.

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Divided into three parts - Rationale and Extent of Agricultural Diversification, Nature and Problems of Agricultural Diversification, and Food and Livelihood Security through Agricultural Diversification, this edited book examines various aspects of agricultural diversification in Eastern India. In recent years, Indian agriculture has been diversifying from cereals to high-value crops and livestock products in accordance with the changing consumption patterns. As such, it faces the challenges of a new economic regime, besides the usual problems of rising population, unemployment and poverty, declining investments in the agriculture sector and degradation of natural resources. These issues are discussed in the book in light of the significant transformation in the economic structure of the Indian economy from agriculture to non-agriculture (industry and services) and changing cropping pattern from cereals to non-cereals, in accordance with the changing consumption pattern. The book would be of interest to teachers, researchers, policymakers, students and general readers having an interest in agricultural development in India.

Economics/Management Science. --- Agricultural Economics. --- Agriculture. --- Production/Logistics/Supply Chain Management. --- Economics. --- Farm economics. --- Economie politique --- Agriculture --- Agricultural productivity -- India. --- Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- India. --- Agriculture -- India. --- India -- Rural conditions. --- Business & Economics --- Agricultural Economics --- Production management. --- Agricultural economics. --- Operations Management. --- Manufacturing management --- Industrial management --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Agrarian question --- Agribusiness --- Agricultural economics --- Agricultural production economics --- Production economics, Agricultural --- Economic aspects

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This publication provides insight into the agricultural sector. It illustrates new tendencies in agricultural economics and dynamics (interrelationship with other sectors in rural zones and multifunctionality) and the implications of the World Trade Organization negotiations in the international trade of agricultural products. Due to environmental problems, availability of budget, consumer preferences for food safety and pressure from the World Trade Organization, there are many changes in the agricultural sector. This book addresses those new developments and provides insights into possible future developments. The agricultural activity is an economic sector that is fundamental for a sustainable economic growth of every country. However, this sector has many particularities, namely those related with some structural problems (many farms with reduced dimension, sometimes lack of vocational training of the farmers, difficulties of put the farmers together in associations and cooperatives), variations of the productions and prices over the year and some environmental problems derived from the utilization of pesticides and fertilizers.

Economics/Management Science. --- Agricultural Economics. --- Environmental Economics. --- European Integration. --- Economic Policy. --- Trade. --- Econometrics. --- Economics. --- Economic policy. --- Europe --- Farm economics. --- Environmental economics. --- Economie politique --- Econométrie --- Politique économique --- Economie de l'environnement --- Europe_xEconomic policy. --- Business & Economics --- Agricultural Economics --- Agriculture --- Economic aspects. --- Economic aspects --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Agrarian question --- Agribusiness --- Agricultural economics --- Agricultural production economics --- Production economics, Agricultural --- Business. --- Commerce. --- European Economic Community literature. --- Agricultural economics. --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- European Economic Community lite. --- Economics, Mathematical --- Statistics --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Environmental quality --- Environmental aspects --- Trade --- Business --- Transportation --- Management --- Commerce --- Industrial management --- Traffic (Commerce) --- Merchants

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The subject of this book is to reveal the formation process of circulation structure centering on vegetable wholesale market in western cities of China. The data are mainly from the interview and survey on farmers, vegetable wholesalers and retailers, and operators of vegetable wholesale markets. The findings of the research show that the large vegetable production bases in eastern economically developed regions place stress on local vegetable circulation through wholesale markets, which results in the change in circulation channel in vegetable wholesale markets in western cities, namely, the circulation channel focusing on local vegetable has been shifted to non-local vegetables. The readers will get inspiration from the book that circulation channels have boasted a significance to the small vegetable bases surrounding the cities.

Economics/Management Science. --- Market Research. --- Agricultural Economics. --- Economic Policy. --- Economics. --- Economic policy. --- Farm economics. --- Economie politique --- Politique économique --- Fruit trade -- China. --- Vegetable trade -- China. --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- Marketing & Sales --- Vegetable trade --- Fruit trade --- Fruit industry --- Vegetable industry --- Business. --- Market research. --- Agricultural economics. --- Business and Management. --- Market Research/Competitive Intelligence. --- Produce trade --- Fruit --- Marketing --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Agrarian question --- Agribusiness --- Agricultural economics --- Agricultural production economics --- Agriculture --- Production economics, Agricultural --- Land use, Rural --- Market research --- Markets --- Research --- Research, Industrial --- Economic aspects