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Double-Sided Antler and Bone Combs in Late Roman Britain offers the first detailed study and catalogue of a comb type that represents a new technology introduced into Britain towards the end of the 4th century AD and a major signifier of the late fourth- to fifth-century transition. Their end-plates were worked into a variety of decorative profiles, some clearly zoomorphic. Over time this decorative styling passed from elaborate to rudimentary, adding to the dating evidence for individual combs. As many combs survive only as small fragments, data collection has not been absolute but has concentrated on combs from burials, or with stylistically relevant end-plates, or those providing good dating or contextual evidence, the main aim of the study being to answer questions of typology, chronology and social distribution. A particularly distinctive feature within the assemblage from funerary contexts is the substantial number of these combs from Winchester, which together make up nearly a quarter of the wider British assemblage. It is proposed that a comb workshop was established in the town, and there is some evidence based on style and distribution that points to other workshops in the north and east, but these were not necessarily large and in some cases they appeared to serve only a local community, while Winchester and its hinterland appear to lie at the heart of the comb data.

History / Ancient / Rome --- History --- Zoomorphs --- York --- Chesterton --- Combs --- Burials --- Winchester --- Late Roman Britain

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The open access journal Micromachines invites manuscript submissions for the Special Issue “Silicon Photonics Bloom”. The past two decades have witnessed a tremendous growth of silicon photonics. Lab-scale research on simple passive component designs is now being expanded by on-chip hybrid systems architectures. With the recent injection of government and private funding, we are living the 1980s of the electronic industry, when the first merchant foundries were established. Soon, we will see more and more merchant foundries proposing well-established electronic design tools, product development kits, and mature component libraries. The open access journal Micromachines invites the submission of manuscripts in the developing area of silicon photonics. The goal of this Special Issue is to highlight the recent developments in this cutting-edge technology.]

quantum dot --- silicon nanocrystals --- light emitting diode --- vertical grating coupler --- WDM transmitter --- optical interconnects --- silicon photonics --- silicon optical modulator --- Silicon Photonics --- off-chip coupling --- polarisation controller --- integrated polarimeter --- polarisation multiplexing --- polarisation shift keying --- germanium --- integrated optics --- optoelectronics --- photoconductivity --- terahertz --- frequency combs --- heterogeneous integration --- second-harmonic generation --- supercontinuum --- integrated photonics --- mode-locked lasers --- nonlinear optics --- microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) --- electrostatic actuator --- parallel plate actuation --- optical switch --- silicon-on-insulator (SOI) --- micro-platform --- optical waveguide --- silicon nitride photonics --- phase change material --- integrated silicon photonic circuits --- nanophononics --- modulator --- multimode interferometer --- photonics integrated circuit --- carrier plasma --- Mach–Zehnder interferometers --- silicon oxynitride --- thin film --- photoluminescence --- chemical vapor deposition --- physical vapor deposition --- dispersion control --- Bragg gratings --- photonic processors --- unitary transformation --- amorphous silicon oxycarbide --- nitrogen doping --- defect --- plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition --- n/a --- Mach-Zehnder interferometers

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Sonic/phononic crystals termed acoustic/sonic band gap media are elastic analogues of photonic crystals and have also recently received renewed attention in many acoustic applications. Photonic crystals have a periodic dielectric modulation with a spatial scale on the order of the optical wavelength. The design and optimization of photonic crystals can be utilized in many applications by combining factors related to the combinations of intermixing materials, lattice symmetry, lattice constant, filling factor, shape of the scattering object, and thickness of a structural layer. Through the publications and discussions of the research on sonic/phononic crystals, researchers can obtain effective and valuable results and improve their future development in related fields. Devices based on these crystals can be utilized in mechanical and physical applications and can also be designed for novel applications as based on the investigations in this Special Issue.

optical force --- photonic crystal cavity --- particle trapping --- optomechanical sensing --- polarization converter --- photonic crystal fiber --- square lattice --- extinction ratio --- polarization splitter --- dual-core photonic crystal fiber --- coupling characteristics --- phononic crystal --- auxetic structure --- star-shaped honeycomb structure --- wave propagation --- orbital angular momentum --- modal dispersion --- stress-induced birefringence --- finite element method --- mode-division multiplexing --- Erbium-doped fiber amplifier --- photonic crystal fibers --- cylindrical lens --- photonic nanojet --- graded-index --- vibration energy harvester --- defect bands --- piezoelectric material --- magnetostrictive material --- output voltage and power --- locally resonant --- band gap --- differential quadrature method --- direct laser writing --- KTP --- nonlinear optics --- photonic coupling --- energy harvesting --- defect modes --- phononic crystals (PCs) --- colloidal photonic crystals --- tunable photonic band gaps --- anti-counterfeiting --- coupled elastic waves --- laminated piezoelectric phononic crystals --- arbitrarily anisotropic materials --- band tunability --- electrical boundaries --- dispersion curves --- photonic crystals --- photonic bandgaps --- polymer materials --- acoustic metamaterial --- effective medium --- bubble resonance --- negative modulus --- graphene --- kerr effect --- optical switch --- photonic band gap --- photonic crystal --- microwave photonics --- optical frequency combs --- waveguide --- complete PBG --- PDOS --- TE --- TM --- beam shaping --- angular filtering --- autocloning --- multilayered structures --- sensor --- sensitivity --- figure of merit --- n/a