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This book is focused on metal-catalyzed cyclocarbonylation reactions applied to the synthesis of heterocyclic rings of different sizes, including diastereoselective and enantioselective approaches, homogeneous and heterogeneous metal catalysis, and the application of these reactions to the total synthesis of natural products.

Cr-phthalocyanine --- porous organic polymer --- Friedel–Crafts reaction --- heterogeneous catalysis --- carbonylation --- β-lactones --- catalyst recyclability --- silylformylation --- silylcarbocyclization --- alkynes --- N-heterocycles --- O-heterocycles --- radical carbonylation --- acyl radical --- visible light photocatalysis --- heterocycles --- metal-mediated reactions --- Pauson-Khand reaction --- cyclopentenones --- natural products total syntheses --- Jaspine B --- flow chemistry --- palladium catalysis --- cyclisation --- n/a --- Friedel-Crafts reaction

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This Special Issue provides 15 research articles and 4 comprehensive review articles on various aspects of plant–metal/metalloid interactions. - Up-to-date information on plant responses to metals/metalloids are published. - Various mechanisms of plant tolerance to metals’/metalloids’ toxicity are presented. - Exogenous applications of mitigating metals’/metalloids’ toxicity are discussed. - Sustainable technologies in growing plants in metal/metalloid-contaminated environments are discussed. - Phytoremediation techniques for the remediation of metals/metalloids are discussed.

metal stress --- toxicity --- silicon --- Si-fertilization --- genomics --- transporter genes --- cadmium toxicity --- oxidative stress --- antioxidative defense system --- photosynthetic pigments --- environmental pollution --- phytoextraction --- cadmium --- biostimulation --- oxidative damage --- metal toxicity --- sulphur nutrition --- stress mitigation --- cation exchange capacity --- glutathione --- agriculture --- Cd stress --- environmental --- gene expression --- PGPB --- switchgrass --- P. fasciculatum --- heavy metals --- tolerant plant --- protein carbonylation --- photosynthesis proteins --- mining soils --- thiols --- phenolic metabolites --- organic acids --- lead --- castor beans --- citric acid --- antioxidant enzyme --- antioxidant system --- ethylene --- glyoxalase system --- photosynthesis --- proline metabolism --- zinc --- jute varieties --- copper stress --- phytoremediation --- bioaccumulation factor --- translocation factor --- growth --- copper toxicity --- micronutrient deficiency --- iron --- nicotianamine --- histidine --- Cu-chelation --- lead pollution --- antioxidants --- bentonite --- grain biochemistry --- biochar --- maize hybrids --- nickel --- nutrients --- translocation --- heavy metal --- reactive oxygen species --- oxidative burst --- Rhododendron arboreum --- Vigna radiata --- enzymes activity --- chromium (Cr) --- polyphenols --- abiotic stress --- antioxidant defense --- methylglyoxal --- organic acid --- ripening physiology --- silver --- chemical elicitors --- chili --- fibrous crop --- environmental pollutants --- morphological traits --- soil remediation --- chelating agents --- chromium --- wastewater --- sunflower --- biomass --- chlorophyll contents

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The amide bond represents a privileged motif in chemistry. The recent years have witnessed an explosion of interest in the development of new chemical transformations of amides. These developments cover an impressive range of catalytic N–C bond activation in electrophilic, Lewis acid, radical, and nucleophilic reaction pathways, among other transformations. Equally relevant are structural and theoretical studies that provide the basis for chemoselective manipulation of amidic resonance. This monograph on amide bonds offers a broad survey of recent advances in activation of amides and addresses various approaches in the field.

N-heterocyclic carbene --- non planar amide --- ruthenium (Ru) --- physical organic chemistry --- gemcitabine prodrug --- pyramidal amides --- bridged sultams --- catalysis --- dipeptides --- N-(1-naphthyl)acetamide --- C-N ? bond cleavage --- steric effects --- peptide bond cleavage --- transition-metal-free --- palladium --- N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) --- addition reaction --- C–O activation --- rhodium --- metal complexes --- carbanions --- thioamidation --- amide bond --- intramolecular catalysis --- antiviral activity --- additivity principle --- pre-catalysts --- C–N bond cleavage --- bridged lactams --- C–H acidity --- arynes --- twisted amides --- organic synthesis --- amination --- Suzuki-Miyaura --- tert-butyl --- cyclopentadienyl complexes --- C-S formation --- enzymes --- DFT study --- sulfonamide bond --- N --- HERON reaction --- primaquine --- entropy --- amide activation --- amidation --- synthesis --- amide hydrolysis --- carbonylicity --- amide bond activation --- amide bond resonance --- aminosulfonylation --- molecular dynamics --- model compound --- in situ --- amide --- homogeneous catalysis --- heterocycles --- anomeric effect --- multi-component coupling reaction --- kinetic --- excited state --- C–H bond cleavage --- palladium catalysis --- amides --- thiourea --- formylation --- alkynes --- cis/trans isomerization --- amide C–N bond activation --- intein --- C-H functionalization --- succindiamide --- amide bonds --- crown ether --- aminoacylation --- directing groups --- cytostatic activity --- reaction thermodynamics --- acyl transfer --- transition metals --- N-dimethylformamide --- DMAc --- acylative cross-coupling --- C-H/C-N activation --- nickel catalysis --- antibacterial screening --- sodium --- aryl thioamides --- Winkler-Dunitz parameters --- catalyst --- N-dimethylacetamide --- base-catalyed hydrolysis --- nitrogen heterocycles --- cross-coupling --- insertion --- amidicity --- nitro-aci tautomerism --- activation --- carbonylation --- transamidation --- amine --- distortion --- Pd-catalysis --- rotational barrier energy --- hypersensitivity --- N–C activation --- metabolic stability --- [2+2+2] annulation --- twisted amide --- protease --- cyanation --- amide resonance --- trialkylborane --- catalysts --- biofilm eradication --- pharmacokinetics --- pancreatic cancer cells --- DMF --- aryl esters --- Michael acceptor --- fumardiamide --- water solvation --- ester bond activation --- cyclization --- nuclear magnetic resonance --- secondary amides --- reaction mechanism --- density functional theory --- density-functional theory --- amino acid transporters