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CP violation was first observed in 1964, but only in 1999 did we gain much greater experimental insight. Direct CP violation finally appeared in the form of e'/e in the K system. Indirect CP violation in B ? J/ ? K s decay, the raison d'être for construction of e + e - B factories, was first sniffed out at the proton-antiproton collider. The asymmetric B factories - BABAR at SLAC and BELLE at KEK - were completed, while the symmetric B factory at Cornell was upgraded to CLEO-III. It seems that everyone is positioning himself for the great competition on "B Physics and CP Violation", racing to

CP violation (Nuclear physics) --- Beta decay --- Meson factories --- B facilities (Nuclear physics) --- B factories (Nuclear physics) --- Facilities, Meson --- Factories, Meson --- Meson facilities --- Linear accelerators --- Beta disintegration --- Beta rays --- Decay, Beta --- Radioactive decay --- Decay

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This highly-regarded text provides an up-to-date and comprehensive introduction to modern particle physics. Extensively rewritten and updated, this 4th edition includes all the recent developments in elementary particle physics, as well as its connections with cosmology and astrophysics. As in previous editions, the balance between experiment and theory is continually emphasised. The stress is on the phenomenological approach and basic theoretical concepts rather than rigorous mathematical detail. Short descriptions are given of some of the key experiments in the field, and how they have influenced our thinking. Although most of the material is presented in the context of the Standard Model of quarks and leptons, the shortcomings of this model and new physics beyond its compass (such as supersymmetry, neutrino mass and oscillations, GUTs and superstrings) are also discussed. The text includes many problems and a detailed and annotated further reading list.

Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics --- 539.12 --- 539.12 Elementary and simple particles (charge less than 3 including alpha-rays, beta-rays, gamma-rays as individual particles or as radiation) --- Elementary and simple particles (charge less than 3 including alpha-rays, beta-rays, gamma-rays as individual particles or as radiation) --- Particules (Physique nucléaire) --- Elementary particles --- Particles (Nuclear physics).

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Neutrinos continue to be the most mysterious and, arguably, the most fascinating particles of the Standard Model as their intrinsic properties such as absolute mass scale and CP properties are unknown. The open question of the absolute neutrino mass scale will be addressed with unprecedented accuracy by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, currently under construction.  This thesis focusses on the spectrometer part of KATRIN and background processes therein. Various background sources such as small Penning traps, as well as nuclear decays from single radon atoms are fully characterized here for the first time. Most importantly, however, it was possible to reduce the background in the spectrometer by more than five orders of magnitude by eliminating Penning traps and by developing a completely new background reduction method by stochastically heating trapped electrons using electron cyclotron resonance (ECR).  The work beautifully demonstrates that the obstacles and challenges in measuring the absolute mass scale of neutrinos can be met successfully if novel experimental tools (ECR) and novel computing methods (KASSIOPEIA) are combined to allow almost background-free tritium ß-spectroscopy.

Neutrinos --- Beta decay. --- Measurement. --- Beta disintegration --- Beta rays --- Decay, Beta --- Neutret --- Decay --- Physics. --- Astrophysics. --- Particle acceleration. --- Physical measurements. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Numerical and Computational Physics. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Radioactive decay --- Leptons (Nuclear physics) --- Neutrons --- Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation. --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Acceleration (Mechanics) --- Nuclear physics --- Acceleration --- Measurement   . --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics