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This edited volume presents current archaeological research and data from the major early Acheulean sites in East Africa, and addresses three main areas of focus; 1) the tempo and mode of technological changes that led to the emergence of the Acheulean in East Africa; 2) new approaches to lithic collections, including lithic technology analyses; and 3) the debated coexistence of the Developed Oldowan and the early Acheulean. The chapters are the proceedings from the workshop titled “The Emergence of the Acheulean in East Africa”, held at University of Rome “La Sapienza” on September 12–13, 2013. The aim of the workshop was to bring together researchers currently working in this field in East Africa, in order to define the characteristics and the evolution of the early Acheulean. The volume was expanded with some chapters on the preceding Oldowan, on the African fauna and on paleovegetation, on the Acheulean in Asia and, eventually, on the Acheulean in Europe. The book is addressed to the scientific community, and will be of interest to researchers, graduate students, archaeologists, paleontologists, and paleoanthropologists. This volume is dedicated to the memory of Jean Chavaillon (March 25, 1925 - December 21, 2013), the leading archaeologist and Quaternary geologist who researched with unfailing enthusiasm the earliest human cultures and directed from 1965 to 1995 the French Archaeological Mission at Melka Kunture. .
Acheulian culture. --- Paleolithic period, Lower --- Paleontology . --- Archaeology. --- Anthropology. --- Environmental sciences. --- Paleontology. --- Environment, general. --- Environmental science --- Science --- Human beings --- Archeology --- Anthropology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- Antiquities --- Fossilogy --- Fossilology --- Palaeontology --- Paleontology, Zoological --- Paleozoology --- Historical geology --- Zoology --- Fossils --- Prehistoric animals in motion pictures --- Environment. --- Primitive societies --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Ecology --- Social sciences
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This manuscript is the 4th Volume of the Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov (GBY) monograph sub-series. The goal of the book is to publish the lithic assemblages originating in the excavations of the Acheulian site at Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov (GBY), Israel. The authors provide the readers with detailed descriptions of the lithic assemblages, illustrations (maps, photographs, drawings) and complete inventory of the artifacts that were excavated during the seven field seasons of 1989-1997 (two in 1997) under the directorship of Prof. Naama Goren-Inbar. This manuscript includes the classification of Large Cutting Tools (bifaces: handaxes and cleavers), Cores and Core Tools, and Flake Tools made of three different raw materials (flint, basalt and limestone). This major classification system enables, in addition to the characterization of the assemblages, intra and inter assemblage analyses and comparisons. It forms the foundation and means with which the GBY cultural sequence can be investigated and compared with other Levantine, African and Asian Acheulian entities. From a methodological perspective the authors apply a detailed attribute analysis to all lithic items, a method that integrates morpho-technoogical and stylistic observations culminating in better understanding of the Acheulian realm as documented by the analysis. This analysis is aimed to refine and improve the understanding beyond that of types and their technology and to allow describing the reduction sequence (chaîne opératoire) of some of the major components of the lithic asemblages. The unique record of diverse data from GBY provides insight into hominin behavior (through time) along the margins of the paleo-Lake Hula, and sheds light on processes that led to the colonization of other parts of Eurasia. The book will be of interest to academics and students in all disciplines of Quaternary studies, and to archaeologists using GIS for intra-site spatial analysis.
Acheulian culture --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Gesher Benot Ya'ḳov Site (Israel) --- Earth sciences. --- Paleontology. --- Geobiology. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Anthropology. --- Archaeology. --- Earth Sciences. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Biogeosciences. --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Paleolithic period, Lower --- Gesher Benot Ya'aqov Site (Israel) --- Israel --- Antiquities --- Paleontology . --- Evolution (Biology). --- Human beings --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Archeology --- Anthropology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- Fossilogy --- Fossilology --- Palaeontology --- Paleontology, Zoological --- Paleozoology --- Historical geology --- Zoology --- Fossils --- Prehistoric animals in motion pictures --- Earth sciences --- Biosphere --- Primitive societies --- Social sciences
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The manipulation of fire by early hominins was a turning point in our evolutionary history. Once "domesticated", fire provided warmth, light and protection from predators, as well as enabling the exploitation of a new range of foods. This book presents the spatial analyses of burned and unburned flint items which provide evidence for the controlled use of fire at the 790,000-year-old Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov (GBY). Clusters of burned flint, interpreted as the remnants of hearths, occur throughout the entire occupational sequence of the site. The fact that fire is repetitively used suggests that the knowledge of fire-making and the technological skills of the Acheulian hominins of Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov enabled them to set fire at will in diverse environmental settings. "Control of fire marks a significant landmark in human evolution, providing warmth, protection, and many new foods. This important volume compellingly shows that fire was already in regular use some 800,000 years ago." John D. Speth, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA "A major contribution to knowledge of early human fire history, the finds at Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov add immensely to the picture of our early ancestors by the fireside. The authors present a painstaking and multidimensional scientific investigation which should convince even sceptics of the importance of fire use in prehistory" John A.J. Gowlett, British Academy Centenary Research Project, The Archaeology of the Social Brain, UK.
Acheulian culture. --- Antiquities, Prehistoric -- Israel. --- Excavations (Archaeology) -- Israel. --- Gesher Benot Ya’ḳov Site (Israel). --- Israel -- Antiquities. --- Acheulian culture --- Tools, Prehistoric --- Fire --- Hearths, Prehistoric --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- History & Archaeology --- Anthropology --- Social Sciences --- Prehistoric Anthropology --- Archaeology --- Social aspects --- Antiquities, Prehistoric --- Fire use. --- Gesher Benot Ya'ḳov Site (Israel) --- Israel --- Antiquities. --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Fireplaces, Prehistoric --- Prehistoric fireplaces --- Prehistoric hearths --- Implements, Prehistoric --- Implements, utensils, etc., Prehistoric --- Prehistoric implements --- Prehistoric tools --- Gesher Benot Ya'aqov Site (Israel) --- Social sciences. --- Ecology. --- Environment. --- Anthropology. --- Archaeology. --- Social Sciences. --- Environment, general. --- Social Sciences, general. --- Archeology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- Antiquities --- Human beings --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Ecology --- Prehistoric antiquities --- Prehistoric archaeology --- Prehistory --- Prehistoric peoples --- Paleolithic period, Lower --- Jordan River Valley --- Chemistry --- Combustion --- Heat --- Biḳʻat ha-Yarden --- Gesher Benot Ya'kov Site (Israel)
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Multidisciplinary research on the Early-Middle Pleistocene site of Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov has yielded abundant climatic, environmental, ecological and behavioral records. The 15 archaeological horizons form a sequence of Acheulian occupational episodes on the shore of the paleo-Lake Hula. These enable us to reconstruct numerous aspects of the survival and adaptation of ancient hominins, leading to a better understanding of their evolution and behavior. This book presents the faunal analyses of medium-sized and large mammals, providing taxonomic, taphonomic and actualistic data for the largest faunal assemblages. The study of modes of animal exploitation reveals valuable information on hominin behavior.
Acheulian culture -- Israel -- Gesher Benot Ya'kov Site. --- Antiquities, Prehistoric -- Israel -- Gesher Benot Ya'kov Site. --- Excavations (Archaeology) -- Israel -- Gesher Benot Ya'kov Site. --- Gesher Benot Ya'kov Site (Israel). --- Israel -- Antiquities. --- Mammal remains (Archaeology) -- Israel -- Gesher Benot Ya'kov Site. --- Paleontology -- Israel -- Gesher Benot Ya'kov Site. --- Paleontology -- Pleistocene. --- Taphonomy -- Israel -- Gesher Benot Ya'kov Site. --- Tools, Prehistoric -- Jordan River Valley. --- Geology --- Anthropology --- Social Sciences --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Paleontology --- Prehistoric Anthropology --- Acheulian culture --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Gesher Benot Ya'ḳov Site (Israel) --- Jordan River Valley --- Israel --- Antiquities. --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Biḳʻat ha-Yarden --- Gesher Benot Ya'aqov Site (Israel) --- Earth sciences. --- Paleontology. --- Ecology. --- Vertebrates. --- Archaeology. --- Earth Sciences. --- Antiquities --- Archaeology --- Paleolithic period, Lower --- Paleontology . --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Vertebrata --- Chordata --- Archeology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- Fossilogy --- Fossilology --- Palaeontology --- Paleontology, Zoological --- Paleozoology --- Historical geology --- Zoology --- Fossils --- Prehistoric animals in motion pictures --- Ecology --- Ecology . --- Gesher Benot Ya'kov Site (Israel)
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