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Biofilms. --- Microbial aggregation. --- Aggregation, Microbial --- Microorganisms --- Cell aggregation --- Microbial aggregation --- Microbial ecology --- Aggregation

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Throughout the biological world, bacteria thrive predominantly in surface-attached, matrix-enclosed, multicellular communities or biofilms, as opposed to isolated planktonic cells. This choice of lifestyle is not trivial, as it involves major shifts in the use of genetic information and cellular energy, and has profound consequences for bacterial physiology and survival. Growth within a biofilm can thwart immune function and antibiotic therapy and thereby complicate the treatment of infectious diseases, especially chronic and foreign device-associated infections. Modern studies of many important biofilms have advanced well beyond the descriptive stage, and have begun to provide molecular details of the structural, biochemical, and genetic processes that drive biofilm formation and its dispersion. There is much diversity in the details of biofilm development among various species, but there are also commonalities. In most species, environmental and nutritional conditions greatly influence biofilm development. Similar kinds of adhesive molecules often promote biofilm formation in diverse species. Signaling and regulatory processes that drive biofilm development are often conserved, especially among related bacteria. Knowledge of such processes holds great promise for efforts to control biofilm growth and combat biofilm-associated infections. This volume focuses on the biology of biofilms that affect human disease, although it is by no means comprehensive. It opens with chapters that provide the reader with current perspectives on biofilm development, physiology, environmental, and regulatory effects, the role of quorum sensing, and resistance/phenotypic persistence to antimicrobial agents during biofilm growth.

Biofilms. --- Microbial aggregation --- Microbial ecology

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Biofilms. --- Microbial aggregation --- Microbial ecology

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In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde mit der Entwicklung einer differentiellen Turbulenzsäule das advektionsfreie Turbulenzprofil einer offenen Gerinneströmung im Labor nachgebildet. Hierin konnten die Prozesse der Feinsedimentdynamik nachgebildet und gemessen werden. Die Ergebnisse beschreiben den Prozessablauf in der Feinsedimentdynamik und dienten als Grundlage für die Entwicklung und Validierung eines Modells zur Bilanzierung der Feinsedimentdynamik in der Wassersäule.

Aggregation --- Sediment --- Feinsediment --- Turbulenz --- Sedimentation

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Aggregation is the process of combining several numerical values into a single representative value, and an aggregation function performs this operation. These functions arise wherever aggregating information is important: applied and pure mathematics (probability, statistics, decision theory, functional equations), operations research, computer science, and many applied fields (economics and finance, pattern recognition and image processing, data fusion, etc.). This is a comprehensive, rigorous and self-contained exposition of aggregation functions. Classes of aggregation functions covered include triangular norms and conorms, copulas, means and averages, and those based on nonadditive integrals. The properties of each method, as well as their interpretation and analysis, are studied in depth, together with construction methods and practical identification methods. Special attention is given to the nature of scales on which values to be aggregated are defined (ordinal, interval, ratio, bipolar). It is an ideal introduction for graduate students and a unique resource for researchers.

Aggregation operators --- Numerical functions. --- Aggregation operators. --- wiskundige functies --- Numerical functions --- Functions, Numerical --- Numerical aggregation operators --- Operator theory