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Le modèle français de la laïcité, impliquant une séparation entre Église et État, est-il exportable ? L’histoire des relations entre religion et pouvoir politique dans l’État moderne d’Israël est particulièrement remarquable, comme nous le fait découvrir ce livre. L’idée même d’un État juif naît, à la fin du XIXe siècle, dans un contexte européen où domine l’idée de nation et où, le « positivisme » aidant, on perçoit, dans certains milieux, une désaffection grandissante à l’égard du fait religieux. Les circonstances historiques contribuent à rendre séduisante l’idée d’un État juif. Mais pour la majorité des rabbins, elle paraît contraire à une conception théologique de l’histoire, qui voit dans la dispersion du peuple juif un châtiment qui ne pourra être racheté que par le pardon divin. Les événements du XXe siècle feront que cette idée d’une patrie juive sera acceptée par les courants religieux, au moins pour garantir la survie des juifs, au prix d’un compromis (le statu quo) entre les dirigeants de l’État et le judaïsme orthodoxe.

Religion and state --- Judaism --- 322.24 <569.4> --- Antiklericalisme. Scheiding van kerk en staat--Israël --- Israel --- Politics and government. --- religion --- Israël --- laïcité --- nation --- judaïsme --- État juif

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De Landenreeks behandelt verschillende aspecten van de geschiedenis, de cultuur, de politiek, de sociale omstandigheden en de economie van een land. Het werk bevat zwart-wit en kleurenfoto's, cijfergegevens, tabellen en kaarten. Er is een duidelijk accent gelegd op achtergrondinformatie en analyses van recente ontwikkelingen. Libanezen leven sinds het einde van de burgeroorlog tussen hoop en vrees. Ondanks de aanhoudende gewelddadige gebeurtenissen slaagt de Libanese bevolking er steeds weer in het land op te bouwen en leefbaar te maken. Maar velen hebben ook wel wat anders aan hun hoofd; zij leven onder de armoedegrens en zijn vooral bezig te overleven. Zolang er geen einde komt aan het geweld, is een verbetering van hun situatie niet waarschijnlijk.

Regional documentation --- Lebanon --- Description and travel --- 21st century --- 282 Landbeschrijvingen (sociaal-economisch-cultureel) --- Libanon --- landen --- landenreeksen --- midden-oosten --- 915.64 --- reisgidsen --- 338 <569.3> --- 908 --- 308 --- Libanon 994 --- 308 Sociografie. Sociaal economische geografie. Sociale toestand --- Sociografie. Sociaal economische geografie. Sociale toestand --- 908 Heemkunde. Area studies --- Heemkunde. Area studies --- 338 <569.3> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Libanon --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Libanon --- Politiek --- Land- en volkenkunde --- Bevolking --- Samenleving --- Geschiedenis --- Economie --- Cultuur --- Toerisme --- Geneeskunde --- Techniek (wetenschap) --- Atlas --- Museum --- Maatschappij --- Film --- 984 --- geografie Azië --- géographie Asie --- Libanon.

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The story of the destruction of Sodom, Gomorrah and Jericho in the Dead Sea region is the oldest such description in human history. Now, more than 4000 years later, employing modern geological science in a forensic manner, this book sheds new light on these occurrences.

Geology --- Paleoclimatology --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Geologic climate --- Palaeoclimatology --- Paleoclimate --- Climatic changes --- Climatology --- Bible. --- Antico Testamento --- Hebrew Bible --- Hebrew Scriptures --- Kitve-ḳodesh --- Miḳra --- Old Testament --- Palaia Diathēkē --- Pentateuch, Prophets, and Hagiographa --- Sean-Tiomna --- Stary Testament --- Tanakh --- Tawrāt --- Torah, Neviʼim, Ketuvim --- Torah, Neviʼim u-Khetuvim --- Velho Testamento --- Antiquities. --- Sodom (Extinct city) --- Gomorrah (Extinct city) --- Jericho. --- Sedom (Extinct city) --- Israel --- Arīḥā --- Erīha --- Yĕrīhō --- Yirīḥū (City) --- Antiquities --- 551.583.7 --- 551.7 --- 55 <569.4> --- 551.7 Historical geology. Stratigraphy --- Historical geology. Stratigraphy --- 551.583.7 Palaeoclimatology --- 55 <569.4> Earth sciences. Geology. Meteorology etc.--Israël --- Earth sciences. Geology. Meteorology etc.--Israël --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Bible

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This paper assesses macroeconomic developments and progress in institution building during 1994-1998. The five year interim period envisaged in the peace accords has ended, and the paper takes stock of what happened in this period. The paper was prepared in the Spring of 1999 and draws on work done by IMF staff visits to West Bank and Gaza in the fall of 1998 and Spring of 1999. It analyzes developments in a number of areas and draws lessons for the future.

Fiscal policy --- Banks and banking --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- West Bank --- Gaza Strip --- Economic conditions. --- Infrastructure (Economics) --- 331.30 --- PLO / Occupied Palestinian Territory --- 338 <569.4> --- 338 <569.4> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Israël --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Israël --- Capital, Social (Economics) --- Economic infrastructure --- Social capital (Economics) --- Social infrastructure --- Social overhead capital --- Economic development --- Human settlements --- Public goods --- Public works --- Capital --- Economische toestand --- Banks and Banking --- Labor --- Public Finance --- Demography --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits --- Private Pensions --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Education: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Pensions --- Public finance & taxation --- Education --- Pension spending --- Economic theory --- Labor market --- Income economics

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In The Imagined and Real Jerusalem in Art and Architecture specialists in various fields of art history, from Early Christian times to the present, articulate a variety of cultural, religious and political implications of the visualization of Jerusalem. This collection of essays calls attention to two axes emerging from the study of Jerusalem in art: on the one hand, the volatile contemporary situation, and on the other hand, the abiding chain of meanings that history imparts to the city. From a contemporary perspective and within a broad historical context, the book discusses in depth a series of Western artworks, artefacts, and buildings providing new insights into memory processes and mechanisms of representation of Jerusalem.

Architecture --- Iconography --- Jerusalem --- 76.047 <569.4 JERUSALEM> --- 726 <33> --- 933 JERUSALEM --- 933 JERUSALEM Geschiedenis van Palestina en het Joodse volk--JERUSALEM --- Geschiedenis van Palestina en het Joodse volk--JERUSALEM --- 726 <33> Religieuze bouwkunst. Kerkelijke bouwkunst. Sacrale architectuur--Oud-Palestina. Judea --- Religieuze bouwkunst. Kerkelijke bouwkunst. Sacrale architectuur--Oud-Palestina. Judea --- 76.047 <569.4 JERUSALEM> Iconografie: landschappen stadsgezichten zeegezichten in de prentkunst--Israël--JERUSALEM --- Iconografie: landschappen stadsgezichten zeegezichten in de prentkunst--Israël--JERUSALEM --- Symbolic representation. --- Symbolism in architecture --- Symbolisme en architecture --- Jérusalem dans l'art --- Jérusalem --- In art --- Symbolic representation --- Représentation symbolique --- Jerusalem -- In art. --- Jerusalem -- Symbolic representation. --- Symbolism in architecture. --- Architectural symbolism --- Signs and symbols in architecture --- Ierusalim --- Yerushalayim --- Jeruzalem --- Quds --- Ūrushalīm --- Kuds --- Kouds --- Erusaghēm --- Bayt al-Maqdis --- Jeruzsálem --- Jerusalem (Israel) --- Jerusalem (Palestine) --- ʻIriyat Yerushalayim --- Ierousalēm --- Gerusalemme --- Baladīyat al-Quds --- Baladīyat al-Quds al-ʻArabīyah --- Jerusalem Arab Municipality --- Qods (Jerusalem) --- ירושלים --- القدس --- al-Quds --- قدس --- 76.047 <569.4 JERUSALEM> Iconografie: landschappen; stadsgezichten; zeegezichten in de prentkunst--Israël--JERUSALEM --- Iconografie: landschappen; stadsgezichten; zeegezichten in de prentkunst--Israël--JERUSALEM --- In art. --- Иерусалим --- Jerusalén --- Humanities --- humanities --- Church of the Holy Sepulchre --- Jesus --- Rome