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Generosity. --- Social exchange.

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Transmettre, échanger : des actes, des manières de faire si quotidiens, si multiformes qu'on n'y prête guère attention. Ces processus de transmission sont omniprésents dans la société moderne (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle) où une minorité d'individus parvenaient à l'âge adulte, constamment à l'œuvre. Ils concernent autant les biens, les savoirs, les métiers, que les offices publics, l'art, et même des institutions où ils étaient en principe exclus comme à la cour souveraine de justice du Roussillon (le Conseil souverain) créée en 1660. Étudier les moyens, les stratégies employés par les individus, les familles, les groupes sociaux, pour assurer leur succession, se maintenir dans un métier ou une fonction, informe toujours beaucoup sur une société et une époque, sur les comportements, les sensibilités. Les études de cas réunies dans ce volume associent les approches d'historiens, d'historiens du droit et des institutions, d'historiens de l'Art ; portent sur le Languedoc, province intégrée depuis longtemps dans le royaume de France, et sur le Roussillon conquis beaucoup plus tard ; permettent des comparaisons suggestives, ce qui confère aux observations et aux conclusions qui peuvent en être tirées une portée plus générale.

Social institutions --- Inheritance and succession --- Social exchange --- Power (Social sciences) --- Inheritance and succession. --- Power (Social sciences). --- Social exchange. --- Social institutions. --- History --- France --- héritage --- Roussillon --- Languedoc --- succession --- histoire du droit --- échanges culturels

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Exhumed, Tried and Hanged elucidates the abuse of folk good faith and ignorance by a conceited, ruthless and grasping leadership that sows carnage among the natives of Etambeng, culminating in unprecedented exodus, untold suffering and death of the people in neighbouring villages. Upon the death of the perpetrator the few returnees are made to listen to the gruesome stories of how the aggrieved children of his victims took revenge on his corpse.

Retribution --- Justice, Administration of --- Political violence --- Administration of justice --- Law --- Courts --- Social exchange --- Punishment --- Revenge --- Law and legislation --- Cameroonian fiction (English) --- Cameroonian literature (English)

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Trust is essential to economic and social transactions of all kinds, from choosing a marriage partner, to taking a job, and even buying a used car. The benefits to be gained from such transactions originate in the willingness of individuals to take risks by placing trust in others to behave in cooperative and non-exploitative ways. But how do humans decide whether or not to trust someone? Using findings from evolutionary psychology, game theory, and laboratory experiments, Trust and Reciprocity examines the importance of reciprocal relationships in explaining the origins of trust and trustworthy behavior. In Part I, contributor Russell Hardin argues that before one can understand trust one must account for the conditions that make someone trustworthy. Elinor Ostrom discusses evidence that individuals achieve outcomes better than those predicted by models of game theory based on purely selfish motivations. In Part II, the book takes on the biological foundations of trust. Frans de Waal illustrates the deep evolutionary roots of trust and reciprocity with examples from the animal world, such as the way chimpanzees exchange social services like grooming and sharing. Other contributors look at the links between evolution, cognition, and behavior. Kevin McCabe examines how the human mind processes the complex commitments that reciprocal relationships require, summarizing brain imaging experiments that suggest the frontal lobe region is activated when humans try to cooperate with their fellow humans. Acknowledging the importance of game theory as a theoretical model for examining strategic relationships, in Part III the contributors tackle the question of how simple game theoretic models must be extended to explain behavior in situations involving trust and reciprocity. Reviewing a range of experimental studies, Karen Cook and Robin Cooper conclude that trust is dependent on the complex relationships between incentives and individual characteristics, and must be examined in light of the social contexts which promote or erode trust. As an example, Catherine Eckel and Rick Wilson explore how people's cues, such as facial expressions and body language, affect whether others will trust them. The divergent views in this volume are unified by the basic conviction that humans gain through the development of trusting relationships. Trust and Reciprocity advances our understanding of what makes people willing or unwilling to take the risks involved in building such relationships and why. A Volume in the Russell Sage Foundation Series on Trust

Professional ethics. Deontology --- Social psychology --- 316 --- Social interaction --- Trust --- Cooperativeness --- Social exchange --- #SBIB:309H021 --- #SBIB:303H60 --- #SBIB:032.IO --- 174 --- 301.151 --- Exchange theory (Sociology) --- Interpersonal relations --- Cooperation (Psychology) --- Trust (Psychology) --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Emotions --- Human interaction --- Interaction, Social --- Symbolic interaction --- Psychology --- Sociologie --(algemeen) --- Intra- en interpersonele communicatie --- Bijzondere methoden: algemeen --- Beroepsethiek. Deontologie --- Sociale psychologie --- 316 Sociologie --(algemeen) --- Social exchange. --- Cooperativeness. --- Trust. --- Social interaction.

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« Donner, recevoir, rendre », tel est le triptyque fondamental sur lequel s’ordonnent les rapports sociaux et se constituent les hiérarchies de pouvoir selon l’analyse formulée dès les années 1920 par l’anthropologue Marcel Mauss. Cette dynamique sociale, sans être totalement remise en cause, est aujourd’hui largement interrogée tant par les anthropologues eux-mêmes que par d’autres sciences humaines qui se sont, à leur tour, emparées de cet outil de décryptage du lien social. Et si le don n’était qu’un moteur, parmi un ensemble complexe de dynamiques sociales, dont l’universalité resterait encore à démontrer ? Les réflexions menées dans cet ouvrage font de la sorte ressortir la nécessité d’aller au-delà du stade de la définition de ce que peut être le don dans les sociétés anciennes pour finalement dépasser, en l’adaptant, le concept anthropologique de l’échange réciproque.

Generosity --- Social exchange --- Générosité --- Echange social --- Congresses. --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Générosité --- Congrès --- Exchange theory (Sociology) --- Interpersonal relations --- Social interaction --- Giving --- Magnanimity --- don --- Europe --- Moyen-âge --- échange social --- Don --- Échange social --- Histoire --- Moyen âge