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The inflammatory procceses of pancreatic gland can be acute and chronic. Acute pancreatitis constitutes the majority of cases requiring hospital admission in gastroenterology. We are yet to discover many things about its pathophysiology, which is a certain drawback for the progress in its treatment. Prediction of severity is necessary for the management plan. However, our progress in the field was significant in the recent decade and a leap forward is expected in this cumbersome condition which has many unmet needs. Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive inflammatory disease characterized by debilitating pain and pancreatic insufficiency. Although medical treatment and endoscopic interventions are primarily offered to patients with chronic pancreatitis, approximately around 50% will ultimately require palliative surgery.
Pancreatitis --- Diagnosis. --- Pancreas --- Inflammation --- Diseases --- Hepatology
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Acute Pancreatitis (AP) in approximately 80% of cases, occurs as a secondary complication related to gallstone disease and alcohol misuse. However there are several other different causes that produce it such as metabolism, genetics, autoimmunity, post-ERCP, and trauma for example... This disease is commonly associated with the sudden onset of upper abdominal pain that is usually severe enough to warrant the patient seeking urgent medical attention. Overall, 10-25% of AP episodes are classified as severe. This leads to an associated mortality rate of 7-30% that has not changed in recent years. Treatment is conservative and generally performed by experienced teams often in ICUs. Although most cases of acute pancreatitis are uncomplicated and resolve spontaneously, the presence of complications has a significant prognostic importance. Necrosis, hemorrhage, and infection convey up to 25%, 50%, and 80% mortality, respectively. Other complications such as pseudocyst formation, pseudo-aneurysm formation, or venous thrombosis, increase morbidity and mortality to a lesser degree. The presence of pancreatic infection must be avoided.
Endocrinology. --- Internal medicine --- Hormones --- Hepatology
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Pancreatic cancer is a growing source of cancer-related death and has poor survival rates, which have not improved in the last few decades. Its high-mortality rate is attributed to pancreatic cancer biology, difficulty in early diagnosis, and lack of standardized international guidelines in assessing the pancreatic masses. This book aims to provide an update in the current state of play in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and to evaluate the benefits and limitations of the available diagnostic technology and therapy. The main modalities for diagnosis are imaging with HCT, MRI, USE, and PET. Some chapters review the improvements in the techniques used. Timely and accurate diagnosis of pancreatic cancer can lead to improve in the current poor outcome of this disease.
Pancreas --- Cancer. --- Pancreatic Neoplasms. --- Cancer of the Pancreas --- Neoplasms, Pancreatic --- Pancreas Cancer --- Pancreas Neoplasms --- Cancer of Pancreas --- Pancreatic Cancer --- Cancer, Pancreas --- Cancer, Pancreatic --- Cancers, Pancreas --- Cancers, Pancreatic --- Neoplasm, Pancreas --- Neoplasm, Pancreatic --- Neoplasms, Pancreas --- Pancreas Cancers --- Pancreas Neoplasm --- Pancreatic Cancers --- Pancreatic Neoplasm --- Medicine --- Gastrointestinal Oncology --- Oncology --- Health Sciences
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Hepatitis B. --- Homologous serum hepatitis --- Serum hepatitis --- Hepatitis, Viral
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Escherichia coli infections. --- Communicable diseases. --- Contagion and contagious diseases --- Contagious diseases --- Infectious diseases --- Microbial diseases in human beings --- Zymotic diseases --- Diseases --- Infection --- Epidemics --- Colibacillosis --- Gram-negative bacterial infections
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Osteoporosis. --- Bones --- Vitamin D deficiency --- Diseases
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Gastroenterology. --- Hepatology. --- Gastroenterology --- Internal medicine --- Digestive organs --- Diseases
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Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the small intestine, causing chronic inflammation and sometimes villous atrophy. It is related to the ingestion of gluten products and affects genetically susceptible people. This book provides a comprehensive overview of celiac disease, presenting information on its diagnosis and management.
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This book discusses clinical advances in hepatology, with a focus on metabolic diseases and chronic hepatitis C. The development of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 2010 has completely transformed the management of this disease. This transformative nature of DAA therapy underpins the goal of the World Health Organization (WHO) to eliminate HCV infection as a public health threat by 2030. The advantages of using these therapies include high efficacy (sustained virological response rate >95%) with minimal side effects, good tolerability, easy drug administration (once-daily oral dosing) and short duration of treatment (8-12 weeks). The commercialization of second-generation DAA agents due to their high effectiveness, few side-effects and pangenotypic action. This transformative nature of DAA therapy underpins the goal of the WHO to eliminate HCV infection as a public health threat by 2030.
Hepatology. --- Liver --- Diseases.
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