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Mulder and Thompson (2006, 2008) point out that the final hanging but ([X but]) developed from initial but (X [but Y]) through a sequence of formal reanalyses, and insightfully observe the functional and formal parallelism between the development of the hanging type of final but and the final particalization of the Japanese subordinator -kedo. The present article demonstrates that but (and and as well) can perform a terminal bracketing function and serve as functional subordinators in spoken American English, and that they behave like final particles when the sentences are truncated. Although

Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistic change --- Computational linguistics. --- Automatic language processing --- Language and languages --- Language data processing --- Linguistics --- Natural language processing (Linguistics) --- Applied linguistics --- Cross-language information retrieval --- Mathematical linguistics --- Multilingual computing --- Change, Linguistic --- Language change --- Historical linguistics --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Philology --- Grammaticalization --- Data processing --- Grammar, Comparative

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The papers collected in this book cover contemporary and original research on semantic and grammatical issues of nouns and noun phrases, verbs and sentences, and aspects of the combination of nouns and verbs, in a great variety of languages. A special focus is put on noun types, tense and aspect semantics, granularity of verb meaning, and subcompositionality. The investigated languages and language groups include Austronesian, East Asian, Slavic, German, English, Hungarian and Lakhota. The collection provided in this book will be of interest to researchers and advanced students specialising in the fields of semantics, morphology, syntax, typology, and cognitive sciences.

LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / General. --- Adrian Czardybon. --- Anita Mittwoch. --- Byoong-Rae Ryu. --- Claire Moyse-Faurie. --- Dieter Wunderlich. --- Ekkehard König. --- Gerhard Schurz. --- Grammar. --- Hana Filip. --- Hungarian. --- Japanese. --- Jens Fleischhauer. --- Korean. --- Lakhota. --- Laura Kallmeyer. --- Leon Stassen. --- Michael Herwig. --- Nouns. --- Peter Indefrey. --- Pragmatic possession. --- Present Perfect Puzzle. --- Ralf Naumann. --- Robert D. van Valin. --- SFB 991. --- Sebastian Löbner. --- Semantik. --- Tagalog. --- Teop. --- Thomas Gamerschlag. --- Ulrike Mosel. --- Verbs. --- Volker Gast. --- Wiebke Petersen. --- Wilhelm Geuder. --- black language. --- case marker. --- comparative lexicology. --- corpus-linguistic. --- double nominative. --- frame account. --- frame theory. --- frame. --- noun class. --- noun-types. --- objective conjugation. --- phase quantification. --- phase-theoretical account. --- psycho-linguistic. --- referentiality. --- talicity. --- telic incremental theme predications. --- type shifts. --- white language.