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"The Neuroscience of Autism provides a comprehensive accounting of autism spectrum disorders by integrating scientific findings from behavioral, cognitive and neurobiological research. The book begins by defining autism, identifying characteristics and prevalence, exploring its history, and then moving on to the cognitive and social bases of behavioral symptoms, the brain bases of behavioral and cognitive symptoms, and finally, intervention practices. It examines theoretical models such as weak central coherence, enhanced perceptual functioning, and the extreme male brain hypothesis.
Autism spectrum disorders. --- Autism Spectrum Disorder. --- Autism Spectrum Disorders --- Autistic Spectrum Disorder --- Autistic Spectrum Disorders --- Disorder, Autistic Spectrum --- ASCs (Autism spectrum conditions) --- ASDs (Autism spectrum disorders) --- Autism spectrum conditions --- Autistic spectrum disorders --- Child development disorders, Pervasive --- PDDs (Pervasive developmental disorders) --- Pervasive child development disorders --- Pervasive development disorders --- Pervasive developmental disorders --- Developmental disabilities --- Neurosciences. --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Autism spectrum disorders --- Neurobiology. --- Autism Spectrum Disorder --- Child Development Disorders, Pervasive --- Neurobiology --- Neurosciences --- Pathophysiology. --- pathophysiology
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The brain's ability to process information crucially relies on connectivity. Understanding how the brain processes complex information and how such abilities are disrupted in individuals with neuropsychological disorders will require an improved understanding of brain connectivity. Autism is an intriguingly complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multidimensional symptoms and cognitive characteristics. A biological origin for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) had been proposed even in the earliest published accounts (Kanner, 1943; Asperger, 1944). Despite decades of research, a focal neurobiological marker for autism has been elusive. Nevertheless, disruptions in interregional and functional and anatomical connectivity have been a hallmark of neural functioning in ASD. Theoretical accounts of connectivity perceive ASD as a cognitive and neurobiological disorder associated with altered functioning of integrative circuitry. Neuroimaging studies have reported disruptions in functional connectivity (synchronization of activated brain areas) during cognitive tasks and during task-free resting states. While these insights are valuable, they do not address the time-lagged causality and directionality of such correlations. Despite the general promise of the connectivity account of ASD, inconsistencies and methodological differences among studies call for more thorough investigations. A comprehensive neurological account of ASD should incorporate functional, effective, and anatomical connectivity measures and test the diagnostic utility of such measures. In addition, questions pertaining to how cognitive and behavioral intervention can target connection abnormalities in ASD should be addressed. This research topic of the Frontiers in Human Neuroscience will address “Brain Connectivity in Autism” primarily from cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging perspective.
Autism --- Neurosciences. --- Neuroimaging --- Research. --- fMRI --- Pattern Classification --- white matter --- resting state --- development --- functional connectivity --- Brain connectivity --- Default Mode Network --- Autism Spectrum Disorders --- Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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