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A research perspective that takes language use into account opens up new views of old issues and provides an understanding of issues that linguists have rarely addressed. Referencing new developments in cognitive and functional linguistics, phonetics, and connectionist modeling, this book investigates various ways in which a speaker/hearer's experience with language affects the representation of phonology. Rather than assuming phonological representations in terms of phonemes, Joan Bybee adopts an exemplar model, in which specific tokens of use are stored and categorized phonetically with reference to variables in the context. This model allows an account of phonetically gradual sound change which produces lexical variation, and provides an explanatory account of the fact that many reductive sound changes affect high frequency items first. The well-known effects of type and token frequency on morphologically-conditioned phonological alterations are shown also to apply to larger sequences, such as fixed phrases and constructions, solving some of the problems formulated previously as dealing with the phonology-syntax interface.

Phonetics --- Grammar --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Morphology. --- Linguistic change. --- Linguistic universals. --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistic change --- Linguistic universals --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Phonology --- Morphology --- 801.4 --- -Linguistic change --- -Universals (Linguistics) --- Language and languages --- Universals (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Philology --- Change, Linguistic --- Language change --- Historical linguistics --- Fonetiek. Fonologie --- Universals --- Grammar, Comparative --- 801.4 Fonetiek. Fonologie --- Phonology. --- Morphology. --- Morphology (Linguistics) --- Universaliën (Taalwetenschap) --- Lingüística. --- Fonologia. --- Morfologia (lingüística) --- Gramática comparada. --- Variation de langage. --- Universaux du langage. --- Phonologie. --- Sprachgebrauch. --- Grammar [Comparative and general ] --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics --- Grammar, Comparative and general Phonology --- Grammar, Comparative and general Morphology --- GRAMMAR, COMPARATIVE AND GENERAL --- LINGUISTIC CHANGE --- UNIVERSAUX (LINGUISTIQUE) --- PHONOLOGY --- MORPHOLOGY

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This is a textbook right in the thick of current interest in morphology. It proposes principles to predict properties previously considered arbitrary and brings together the psychological and the diachronic to explain the recurrent properties of morphological systems in terms of the processes that create them. For the student, the clear discussion of morphology and morphophonemics and the rich variety of data brought in on the way to the theoretical conclusion is material for a direct learning experience.

--Grammar --- 801.55 --- 801.55 Morfologie--(taalkunde) --- Morfologie--(taalkunde) --- Grammar --- Grammaire comparée --- --Morphologie --- Morphologie. --- Woordvorming. --- --Morphologie. --- --801.55 --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Morphology. --- Grammatical categories. --- Morphologie --- Grammar, Comparative and general Morphology --- Morphology

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A mainstay of functional linguistics has been the claim that linguistic elements and patterns that are frequently used in discourse become conventionalized as grammar. This book addresses the two issues that are basic to this claim: first, the question of what types of elements are frequently used in discourse and second, the question of how frequency of use affects cognitive representations. Reporting on evidence from natural conversation, diachronic change, variability, child language acquisition and psycholinguistic experimentation the original articles in this book support two major principles. First, the content of people's interactions consists of a preponderance of subjective, evaluative statements, dominated by the use of pronouns, copulas and intransitive clauses. Second, the frequency with which certain items and strings of items are used has a profound influence on the way language is broken up into chunks in memory storage, the way such chunks are related to other stored material and the ease with which they are accessed to produce new utterances.

Grammar --- Frequence des mots --- Grammaire comparee et generale. --- Frequentie ( linguïstiek ). --- Taaltypologie. --- Vergelijkende en algemene grammatica. --- Frequency (Linguistics) --- Frequentie (Taalwetenschap) --- Fréquence (Linguistique) --- Grammaire comparée et générale --- Grammaire générale --- Grammaire générale et comparée --- Grammaire philosophique --- Grammaire universelle --- Grammar [Comparative and general ] --- Spraakkunst [Vergelijkende en algemene ] --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Philology & Linguistics --- Languages & Literatures --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Frequency of occurrence (Linguistics) --- Linguistic analysis (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Comparative --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Linguistics. --- Acqui 2006