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This book investigates central issues in the philosophy of memory. Does remembering require a causal process connecting the past representation to its subsequent recall and, if so, what is the nature of the causal process? Of what kind are the primary intentional objects of memory states? How do we know that our memory experiences portray things the way they happened in the past? Given that our memory is not only a passive device for reproducing thoughts but also an active device for processing stored thoughts, when are thoughts sufficiently similar to be memory-related? The Metaphysics of Memory defends a version of the causal theory of memory, argues for direct realism about memory, proposes an externalist response to skepticism about memory knowledge, and develops a contextualist account of the factivity constraint on memory.

Memory (Philosophy) --- Philosophy

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Der glückliche Ausgang, den die seit dem Bürgerkrieg von General Franco beherrschte Geschichte Spaniens in den siebziger Jahren nahm, ist längst zu einem bevorzugten Studienobjekt der internationalen Forschung geworden. Dahinter steckt die Frage, inwiefern die gelungene Transición von der Militärdiktatur zur parlamentarischen Demokratie auch als Modell für notwendige "Übergänge" in anderen Teilen der Welt dienen kann. Der vorliegende Band untersucht den erstaunlich gewaltarm verlaufenden Prozess der Ablösung der diktatorischen Strukturen und den Aufbau eines demokratischen Verfassungsstaates entlang der Entwicklung von Parteien und Gewerkschaften, des Militärs, der Kirche und nicht zuletzt hinsichtlich der Rolle des Königs. Beleuchtet werden auch die Außenpolitik, die Wirtschaft und die kulturelle Entwicklung Spaniens in den Jahren des Übergangs.

Spain --- Politics and government --- -Spain --- -Martín Villa, Rodolfo, 1934-. --- Spain -- History -- 1975-. --- Spain -- Politics and government -- 1975-1982. --- Regions & Countries - Europe --- History & Archaeology --- Spain & Portugal --- Martín Villa, Rodolfo, 1934-. --- Espanja --- Spanien --- Hiszpania --- Spanish State --- España --- Estado Español --- Espagne --- Hispania --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanye --- Shpanie --- Reino de España --- Kingdom of Spain --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Espainiako Erresuma --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Espanya --- Espanha --- スペイン --- Supein --- イスパニア --- Isupania --- 1975 --- HISTORY / General. --- -HISTORY / General.

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El presente volumen reúne una serie de conferencias dictadas por los dos primeros titulares de la Cátedra Extraordinaria Guillermo y Alejandro de Humboldt, el doctor Walther Bernecker y el doctor León E. Bieber, en El Colegio de México y el la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México desde su inauguración en octubre de 1998. Cumpliendo con el cometido de la Cátedra Extraordinaria -el de fomentar en el medio académico mexicano el conocimiento sobre la Alemania contemporánea- los autores exponen y analizan cinco aspectos medulares de desarrollo de este país en la fase posterior a la finalización de la Segunda Guerra Mundial: la memoria de la guerra, el impacto de la guerra fría para la división del país, el orden constitutivo de la República Federal de Alemania, la reunificación de las dos Alemanias y los diversos enfoques en el ámbito de la historiografía lo que ofrece al lector una importante panorámica de la historia alemana en el curso del último medio siglo.

Germany --- History --- Historiography. --- Alemania --- Ashkenaz --- BRD --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- Deutsches Reich --- Deutschland --- Doitsu --- Doitsu Renpō Kyōwakoku --- Federal Republic of Germany --- Federalʹna Respublika Nimechchyny --- FRN --- German Uls --- Germania --- Germanii︠a︡ --- Germanyah --- Gjermani --- Grossdeutsches Reich --- Jirmānīya --- KhBNGU --- Kholboony Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Nimechchyna --- Repoblika Federalin'i Alemana --- República de Alemania --- República Federal de Alemania --- Republika Federal Alemmana --- Vācijā --- Veĭmarskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Weimar Republic --- Weimarer Republik --- ХБНГУ --- Германия --- جرمانيا --- ドイツ --- ドイツ連邦共和国 --- ドイツ レンポウ キョウワコク --- Germany (East) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : British Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : French Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : Russian Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : U.S. Zone) --- Germany (West) --- Holy Roman Empire --- Deguo --- 德国 --- Gėrman --- Герман Улс --- European history

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This open access book identifies various forms of heritage destruction and analyses their causes. It proposes strategies for avoiding and solving conflicts, based on integrating heritage into the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It reflects on the identity-building role of heritage, on multidimensional conflicts and the destruction of heritage, and considers conflict-solving strategies and future perspectives. Furthermore, it engages theoretically and practically with the concepts of responsibility, reconciliation and sustainability, relating mainly to four Sustainable Development Goals, i.e. SDGs 4 (education), 11 (e.g. World Heritage), 13 (climate action) and 17 (partnerships for the goals). More than 160 countries have inscribed properties on the UNESCO World Heritage list since the World Heritage Convention came into force. Improvements in the implementation of the Convention, such as the Global Strategy for a Representative, Balanced and Credible World Heritage List, have occurred, but other conflicts have not been solved. The book advocates for a balanced distribution of properties and more effective strategies to represent the global diversity of cultural and natural heritage. Furthermore it highlights the importance of heritage in identity building.

Cultural property. --- Sustainability. --- Cultural Heritage. --- World Heritage Convention --- Shared Responsibility heritage --- Global Governance cultural heritage --- Urban Transformation sustainability --- Technological Change cultural heritage --- War and Terrorism – Conflict Reconciliation --- Climate Change cultural heritage --- Heritage Commodification --- Sustainable Development cultural heritage --- UNESCO cultural heritage --- 50 Years World Heritage Convention --- Theoretical Reflections on heritage --- Destruction of Heritage is Multidimensional --- Commodification of Heritage --- Improvement article 27 world Heritage Convention --- Youth perspectives on World Heritage --- Future of the World Heritage Convention --- Destruction of Heritage is destroying identity

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Die Debatte zwischen Internalismus und Externalismus steht im Brennpunkt der Aufmerksamkeit sowohl in der Epistemologie als auch in der Philosophie des Geistes und der Sprache. Der Externalismus fordert grundlegende traditionelle Auffassungen der Natur der Erkenntnis, der Rechtfertigung, des Denkens und der Sprache heraus. Auf dem Spiel steht nichts Geringeres als die Form, die Theorien in der Epistemologie und der Philosophie des Geistes annehmen sollten. Dieser Band ist eine Sammlung von Originalbeiträgen international führender Autoren, die den Forschungs- und Diskussionsstand hinsichtlich der faszinierenden Kontroversen zwischen Internalismus und Externalismus widerspiegeln. The debate between internalism and externalism has become a focal point of attention both in epistemology and in the philosophy of mind and language. Externalism challenges basic traditional internalist conceptions of the nature of knowledge, justification, thought and language. What is at stake, is the very form that theories in epistemology and the philosophy of mind ought to take. This volume is a collection of original contributions of leading international authors reflecting on the present state of the art concerning the exciting controversies between internalism and externalism.

Externalism (Philosophy of mind) --- Philosophy of mind. --- Mind, Philosophy of --- Mind, Theory of --- Theory of mind --- Philosophy --- Cognitive science --- Metaphysics --- Philosophical anthropology --- Philosophy of mind --- Speculative philosophy --- Ontology --- Mind