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What motivates people to become involved in issues and struggles beyond their own borders? How are activists changed and movements transformed when they reach out to others a world away? This adept study addresses these questions by tying together local, national, regional, and global historical narratives surrounding the contemporary Japanese environmental movement. Spanning the era of Japanese industrial pollution in the 1960s and the more recent rise of movements addressing global environmental problems, it shows how Japanese activists influenced approaches to environmentalism and industrial pollution in the Asia-Pacific region, North America, and Europe, as well as landmark United Nations conferences in 1972 and 1992. Japan's experiences with diseases caused by industrial pollution produced a potent "environmental injustice paradigm" that fueled domestic protest and became the motivation for Japanese groups' activism abroad. From the late 1960s onward Japanese activists organized transnational movements addressing mercury contamination in Europe and North America, industrial pollution throughout East Asia, radioactive waste disposal in the Pacific, and global climate change. In all cases, they advocated strongly for the rights of pollution victims and people living in marginalized communities and nations-a position that often put them at odds with those advocating for the global environment over local or national rights. Transnational involvement profoundly challenged Japanese groups' understanding of and approach to activism. Numerous case studies demonstrate how border-crossing efforts undermined deeply engrained notions of victimhood in the domestic movement and nurtured a more self-reflexive and multidimensional approach to environmental problems and social activism.Transnational Japan in the Global Environmental Movement will appeal to scholars and students interested in the development of civil society, social movements, and environmentalism in contemporary Japan; grassroots inter-Asian connections in the postwar period; and the ways Asian countries and their citizens have shaped and been influenced by global issues like environmentalism.
Green movement --- Environmentalism --- Environmental protection --- History. --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Environmental movement --- Social movements --- Anti-environmentalism --- Sustainable living --- Ecologism --- Environmental action groups --- Environmental groups --- Political ecology --- Japan. --- environmental injustice. --- environmentalism. --- human rights. --- industrial pollution. --- social activism. --- Greenwashing
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Making Japanese Citizens is an expansive history of the activists, intellectuals, and movements that played a crucial role in shaping civil society and civic thought throughout the broad sweep of Japan's postwar period. Weaving his analysis around the concept of shimin (citizen), Simon Avenell traces the development of a new vision of citizenship based on political participation, self-reliance, popular nationalism, and commitment to daily life. He traces civic activism through six phases: the cultural associations of the 1940's and 1950's, the massive U.S.-Japan Security Treaty protests of 1960, the anti-Vietnam War movement, the antipollution and antidevelopment protests of the 1960's and 1970's, movements for local government reform and the rise of new civic groups from the mid-1970's. This rich portrayal of activists and their ideas illuminates questions of democracy, citizenship, and political participation both in contemporary Japan and in other industrialized nations more generally.
Political activists --- Civil society --- Citizenship --- Activists, Political --- Persons --- Political participation --- Social contract --- Japan --- Politics and government --- J4000.90 --- J4127 --- J4628 --- Japan: Social history, history of civilization -- postwar Shōwa (1945- ), Heisei period (1989- ), contemporary --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- social identity and self --- Japan: Politics and law -- state -- citizenship --- asia scholars. --- asian studies. --- civic activism. --- civic groups. --- civic thought. --- contemporary japan. --- democracy. --- government reform. --- historians. --- industrialized nations. --- japan. --- japanese citizens. --- japanese history. --- japanese society. --- local government. --- modern history. --- political participation. --- popular nationalism. --- postwar era. --- postwar japan. --- protests. --- retrospective. --- self reliance. --- shimin mythology. --- social activists. --- social cultural history. --- social movements.
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What motivates people to become involved in issues and struggles beyond their own borders? How are activists changed and movements transformed when they reach out to others a world away? This adept study addresses these questions by tying together local, national, regional, and global historical narratives surrounding the contemporary Japanese environmental movement.
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