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103 Trigonometry Problems contains highly-selected problems and solutions used in the training and testing of the USA International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) team. Though many problems may initially appear impenetrable to the novice, most can be solved using only elementary high school mathematics techniques. Key features: * Gradual progression in problem difficulty builds and strengthens mathematical skills and techniques * Basic topics include trigonometric formulas and identities, their applications in the geometry of the triangle, trigonometric equations and inequalities, and substitutions involving trigonometric functions * Problem-solving tactics and strategies, along with practical test-taking techniques, provide in-depth enrichment and preparation for possible participation in various mathematical competitions * Comprehensive introduction (first chapter) to trigonometric functions, their relations and functional properties, and their applications in the Euclidean plane and solid geometry expose advanced students to college level material 103 Trigonometry Problems is a cogent problem-solving resource for advanced high school students, undergraduates, and mathematics teachers engaged in competition training. Other books by the authors include 102 Combinatorial Problems: From the Training of the USA IMO Team (0-8176-4317-6, 2003) and A Path to Combinatorics for Undergraduates: Counting Strategies (0-8176-4288-9, 2004).

Trigonometry --- Geometry. --- Algebra. --- Mathematics. --- Mathematics, general. --- Math --- Science --- Mathematics --- Mathematical analysis --- Euclid's Elements --- Trigonometry.

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Number theory, an ongoing rich area of mathematical exploration, is noted for its theoretical depth, with connections and applications to other fields from representation theory, to physics, cryptography, and more. While the forefront of number theory is replete with sophisticated and famous open problems, at its foundation are basic, elementary ideas that can stimulate and challenge beginning students. This lively introductory text focuses on a problem-solving approach to the subject. Key features of Number Theory: Structures, Examples, and Problems: * A rigorous exposition starts with the natural numbers and the basics. * Important concepts are presented with an example, which may also emphasize an application. The exposition moves systematically and intuitively to uncover deeper properties. * Topics include divisibility, unique factorization, modular arithmetic and the Chinese Remainder Theorem, Diophantine equations, quadratic residues, binomial coefficients, Fermat and Mersenne primes and other special numbers, and special sequences. Sections on mathematical induction and the pigeonhole principle, as well as a discussion of other number systems are covered. * Unique exercises reinforce and motivate the reader, with selected solutions to some of the problems. * Glossary, bibliography, and comprehensive index round out the text. Written by distinguished research mathematicians and renowned teachers, this text is a clear, accessible introduction to the subject and a source of fascinating problems and puzzles, from advanced high school students to undergraduates, their instructors, and general readers at all levels.

Number theory --- Number theory. --- Number study --- Numbers, Theory of --- Algebra --- Mathematics. --- Algebra. --- Combinatorics. --- Number Theory. --- Mathematics, general. --- Combinatorics --- Mathematical analysis --- Mathematics --- Math --- Science --- Zahlentheorie. --- Combinatorial analysis.

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This signficantly revised and expanded second edition of Mathematical Olympiad Challenges is a rich collection of problems put together by two experienced and well-known professors and coaches of the U.S. International Mathematical Olympiad Team. Hundreds of beautiful, challenging, and instructive problems from algebra, geometry, trigonometry, combinatorics, and number theory from numerous mathematical competitions and journals have been selected and updated. The problems are clustered by topic into self-contained sections with solutions provided separately. Historical insights and asides are presented to stimulate further inquiry. The emphasis throughout is on creative solutions to open-ended problems. New to the second edition: * Completely rewritten discussions precede each of the 30 units, adopting a more user-friendly style with more accessible and inviting examples * Many new or expanded examples, problems, and solutions * Additional references and reader suggestions have been incorporated Featuring enhanced motivation for advanced high school and beginning college students, as well as instructors and Olympiad coaches, this text can be used for creative problem-solving courses, professional teacher development seminars and workshops, self-study, or as a training resource for mathematical competitions. ----- This [book] is…much more than just another collection of interesting, challenging problems, but is instead organized specifically for learning. The book expertly weaves together related problems, so that insights gradually become techniques, tricks slowly become methods, and methods eventually evolve into mastery…. The book is aimed at motivated high school and beginning college students and instructors...I strongly recommend this book for anyone interested in creative problem-solving in mathematics…. It has already taken up a prized position in my personal library, and is bound to provide me with many hours of intellectual pleasure. —The Mathematical Gazette (Review of the First Edition).

Electronic books. -- local. --- Mathematics -- Study and teaching. --- Mathematics. --- Mathematical Theory --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Study and teaching. --- Math --- Algebra. --- Geometry. --- Mathematical logic. --- Number theory. --- Combinatorics. --- Number Theory. --- Mathematics, general. --- Mathematical Logic and Foundations. --- Science --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Combinatorics --- Algebra --- Mathematical analysis --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Number study --- Numbers, Theory of --- Euclid's Elements --- Combinatorial analysis.

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This book takes the reader on a journey through the world of college mathematics, focusing on some of the most important concepts and results in the theories of polynomials, linear algebra, real analysis, differential equations, coordinate geometry, trigonometry, elementary number theory, combinatorics, and probability. Preliminary material provides an overview of common methods of proof: argument by contradiction, mathematical induction, pigeonhole principle, ordered sets, and invariants. Each chapter systematically presents a single subject within which problems are clustered in each section according to the specific topic. The exposition is driven by nearly 1300 problems and examples chosen from numerous sources from around the world; many original contributions come from the authors. The source, author, and historical background are cited whenever possible. Complete solutions to all problems are given at the end of the book. This second edition includes new sections on quadratic polynomials, curves in the plane, quadratic fields, combinatorics of numbers, and graph theory, and added problems or theoretical expansion of sections on polynomials, matrices, abstract algebra, limits of sequences and functions, derivatives and their applications, Stokes' theorem, analytical geometry, combinatorial geometry, and counting strategies. Using the W.L. Putnam Mathematical Competition for undergraduates as an inspiring symbol to build an appropriate math background for graduate studies in pure or applied mathematics, the reader is eased into transitioning from problem-solving at the high school level to the university and beyond, that is, to mathematical research. This work may be used as a study guide for the Putnam exam, as a text for many different problem-solving courses, and as a source of problems for standard courses in undergraduate mathematics. Putnam and Beyond is organized for independent study by undergraduate and graduate students, as well as teachers and researchers in the physical sciences who wish to expand their mathematical horizons. Reviews of the first edition: The reviewer recommends this book to all students curious about the force of mathematics, especially those who are bored at school and ready for a challenge. Teachers would find this book to be a welcome resource, as will contest organizers. —Teodora-Liliana Radulescu, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1122 (24), 2007   …This extraordinary book can be read for fun. However, it can also serve as a textbook for preparation for the Putnam … for an advanced problem-solving course, or even as an overview of undergraduate mathematics. … it could certainly serve as a great review for senior-level students.    — Donald L. Vestal, MathDL, December, 2007.

Mathematics. --- Algebra. --- Mathematical analysis. --- Analysis (Mathematics). --- Geometry. --- Number theory. --- Combinatorics. --- Analysis. --- Number Theory. --- Global analysis (Mathematics). --- Mathematics --- Mathematical analysis --- Combinatorics --- Algebra --- Analysis, Global (Mathematics) --- Differential topology --- Functions of complex variables --- Geometry, Algebraic --- Number study --- Numbers, Theory of --- Euclid's Elements --- 517.1 Mathematical analysis

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This challenging problem book by renowned US Olympiad coaches, mathematics teachers, and researchers develops a multitude of problem-solving skills needed to excel in mathematical contests and research in number theory. Offering inspiration and intellectual delight, the problems throughout the book encourage students to express their ideas, conjectures, and conclusions in writing. Applying specific techniques and strategies, readers will acquire a solid understanding of the fundamental concepts and ideas of number theory. Key features: * Contains problems developed for various mathematical contests, including the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) * Builds a bridge between ordinary high school examples and exercises in number theory and more sophisticated, intricate and abstract concepts and problems * Begins by familiarizing students with typical examples that illustrate central themes, followed by numerous carefully selected problems and extensive discussions of their solutions * Combines unconventional and essay-type examples, exercises and problems, many presented in an original fashion * Engages students in creative thinking and stimulates them to express their comprehension and mastery of the material beyond the classroom 104 Number Theory Problems is a valuable resource for advanced high school students, undergraduates, instructors, and mathematics coaches preparing to participate in mathematical contests and those contemplating future research in number theory and its related areas.

Number theory --- Number study --- Numbers, Theory of --- Algebra --- Number theory. --- Sequences (Mathematics). --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Number Theory. --- Sequences, Series, Summability. --- Mathematical Logic and Foundations. --- Mathematical sequences --- Numerical sequences --- Mathematics --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Mathematical logic. --- Sequences (Mathematics)