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Can animals be taught a human language and use it to communicate? Or is human language unique to human beings, just as many complex behaviors of other species are uniquely theirs? This engrossing book explores communication and cognition in animals and humans from a linguistic point of view and asserts that animals are not capable of acquiring or using human language. Stephen R. Anderson explains what is meant by communication, the difference between communication and language, and the essential characteristics of language. Next he examines a variety of animal communication systems, including bee dances, frog vocalizations, bird songs, and alarm calls and other vocal, gestural, and olfactory communication among primates. Anderson then compares these to human language, including signed languages used by the deaf. Arguing that attempts to teach human languages or their equivalents to the great apes have not succeeded in demonstrating linguistic abilities in nonhuman species, he concludes that animal communication systems-intriguing and varied though they may be-do not include all the essential properties of human language. Animals can communicate, but they can't talk.

Animal genetics. Animal evolution --- Psycholinguistics --- Animal ethology and ecology. Sociobiology --- Språkutveckling --- Talspråk --- Verbal kommunikation --- Language acquisition. --- Colloquial language --- Språkutveckling. --- Talspråk. --- Verbal kommunikation. --- Colloquial language. --- Animal communication. --- Language and languages. --- Zoology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Behavior --- Foreign languages --- Languages --- Anthropology --- Communication --- Ethnology --- Information theory --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philology --- Linguistics --- Animal biocommunication --- Animal language --- Biocommunication, Animal --- Language learning by animals --- Animal behavior

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This volume presents two works elaborating a general theory of words and their structure written by René de Saussure, younger brother of Ferdinand de Saussure. Although originating in René de Saussure's concerns for the structure of Esperanto, these essays are clearly intended to articulate a general account of word formation in natural language. They appear here in the French original with facing English translations, accompanied by some remarks on René de Saussure's life and followed by essays on the Esperantist background of his analysis (by Marc van Oostendorp), the contemporary relevance of his morphological theory (by Stephen Anderson), and the semantic theory of words underlying his analysis (by Louis de Saussure). These two works have remained essentially unknown to the community of scholars in general linguistics since their publication in 1911 and 1919, respectively, although Esperantists have been aware of them. They develop in quite explicit form a theory of what would later be called morphemic analysis, based primarily on data from French (with some material from German and English, as well as occasional examples from other Indo-European languages). In its fundamental aspect, René's view of word formation differed significantly from that of his brother, who saw the structure of complex words as revealed not through their decomposition into smaller "atomic" units but rather in the relations between words, relations which could be presented in analogical form and which anticipate rule-based theories of morphological structure. The contrast between the two brothers' views thus anticipates basic issues in current theorizing about word structure.

Gramática comparada --- Saussure, René de --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Word formation. --- Saussure, René de, --- Derivational morphology --- Word formation --- Derivation --- Morphology --- De Saussure, René, --- Antido, --- Linguistics --- Philology

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Explores the impact of changing climate on soil hydrology and soil water dynamics.

Hydrologic models. --- Soil conservation. --- Soil moisture.

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This book provides a quick but insightful introduction to Bayesian tracking and particle filtering for a person who has some background in probability and statistics and wishes to learn the basics of single-target tracking. It also introduces the reader to multiple target tracking by presenting useful approximate methods that are easy to implement compared to full-blown multiple target trackers. The book presents the basic concepts of Bayesian inference and demonstrates the power of the Bayesian method through numerous applications of particle filters to tracking and smoothing problems. It emphasizes target motion models that incorporate knowledge about the target’s behavior in a natural fashion rather than assumptions made for mathematical convenience. The background provided by this book allows a person to quickly become a productive member of a project team using Bayesian filtering and to develop new methods and techniques for problems the team may face.

Statistical science --- Mathematical statistics --- Information systems --- statistiek --- gegevensanalyse --- Engineering—Data processing. --- Statistics. --- Big data. --- Data Engineering. --- Bayesian Inference. --- Big Data. --- Mathematics