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In this powerful book, David B. Edwards traces the lives of three recent Afghan leaders in Afghanistan's history--Nur Muhammad Taraki, Samiullah Safi, and Qazi Amin Waqad--to explain how the promise of progress and prosperity that animated Afghanistan in the 1960's crumbled and became the present tragedy of discord, destruction, and despair. Before Taliban builds on the foundation that Edwards laid in his previous book, Heroes of the Age, in which he examines the lives of three significant figures of the late nineteenth century--a tribal khan, a Muslim saint, and a prince who became king of the newly created state. In the mid twentieth century, Afghans believed their nation could be a model of economic and social development that would inspire the world. Instead, political conflict, foreign invasion, and civil war have left the country impoverished and politically dysfunctional. Each of the men Edwards profiles were engaged in the political struggles of the country's recent history. They hoped to see Afghanistan become a more just and democratic nation. But their visions for their country were radically different, and in the end, all three failed and were killed or exiled. Now, Afghanistan is associated with international terrorism, drug trafficking, and repression. Before Taliban tells these men's stories and provides a thorough analysis of why their dreams for a progressive nation lie in ruins while the Taliban has succeeded. In Edwards's able hands, this culturally informed biography provides a mesmerizing and revealing look into the social and cultural contexts of political change.

Heads of state --- Islam and politics --- Chefs d'Etat --- Islam et politique --- Biography --- Biographies --- Tarah'kåi, Nåur Muòhammad --- Safi, Samiullah --- Waqad, Qazi Amin --- Afghanistan --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- Afghanistan-- History-- Saur Revolution, 1978. --- Safi, Samiullah. --- Amin, Qazi Muhammad. --- History --- Tarahʹkåi, Nåur Muòhammad --- Qazi Muhammad Amin --- Samiullah Safi --- Soviet Union --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Anthropology / Cultural & Social. --- 1960s. --- 20th century. --- afghanistan. --- biographical. --- civil war. --- cultural studies. --- drug trafficking. --- economics. --- economy. --- history. --- international terrorism. --- islam. --- life story. --- middle east. --- middle eastern history. --- middle eastern. --- muslim. --- nur muhammad taraki. --- political conflict. --- politics. --- progress. --- qazi amin waqad. --- repression. --- samiullah safi. --- social change. --- social development. --- social progress. --- social studies. --- taliban. --- terrorism. --- true story. --- world history.

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This book provides a fascinating look at the creation of contemporary Muslim jihadists. Basing the book on her long-term fieldwork in the disputed borderlands between Pakistan and India, Cabeiri deBergh Robinson tells the stories of people whose lives and families have been shaped by a long history of political conflict. Interweaving historical and ethnographic evidence, Robinson explains how refuge-seeking has become a socially and politically debased practice in the Kashmir region and why this devaluation has turned refugee men into potential militants. She reveals the fraught social processes by which individuals and families produce and maintain a modern jihad, and she shows how Muslim refugees have forged an Islamic notion of rights-a hybrid of global political ideals that adopts the language of human rights and humanitarianism as a means to rethink refugees' positions in transnational communities. Jihad is no longer seen as a collective fight for the sovereignty of the Islamic polity, but instead as a personal struggle to establish the security of Muslim bodies against political violence, torture, and rape. Robinson describes how this new understanding has contributed to the popularization of jihad in the Kashmir region, decentered religious institutions as regulators of jihad in practice, and turned the families of refugee youths into the ultimate mediators of entrance into militant organizations. This provocative book challenges the idea that extremism in modern Muslim societies is the natural by-product of a clash of civilizations, of a universal Islamist ideology, or of fundamentalist conversion.

Islam and politics --- Refugees --- Jihad. --- Religious militants --- Kashmiri (South Asian people) --- Militants, Religious --- Religious terrorists --- Religious adherents --- Terrorism --- Displaced persons --- Persons --- Aliens --- Deportees --- Exiles --- Kashmiris (South Asian people) --- Ethnology --- Holy war (Islam) --- Islamic holy war --- Jahad --- Jehad --- Muslim holy war --- War (Islamic law) --- Islam --- Politics and Islam --- Political science --- Religious aspects --- Political aspects --- Jihad --- #SBIB:316.331H333 --- #SBIB:39A11 --- #SBIB:39A75 --- Godsdienst, oorlog en vrede --- Antropologie : socio-politieke structuren en relaties --- Etnografie: Azië --- Kashmiri (South Asian people) - Pakistan - Azad Kashmir --- Religious militants - Pakistan - Azad Kashmir --- Refugees - Pakistan - Azad Kashmir --- Refugees - India - Jammu and Kashmir --- Islam and politics - Pakistan - Azad Kashmir --- asia scholars. --- asian studies. --- contemporary muslims. --- ethnographers. --- ethnography. --- extremism. --- fieldwork. --- fundamentalism. --- global politics. --- historians. --- historical perspective. --- human rights. --- humanitarianism. --- india. --- kashmir. --- middle east. --- militant organizations. --- muslim jihadists. --- muslim refugees. --- nonfiction. --- pakistan. --- political conflict. --- political issues. --- political violence. --- refugee families. --- religious extremists. --- religious violence. --- social issues. --- south asia. --- transnational.

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Paradise in Ashes is a deeply engaged and moving account of the violence and repression that defined the murderous Guatemalan civil war of the 1980's. In this compelling book, Beatriz Manz-an anthropologist who spent over two decades studying the Mayan highlands and remote rain forests of Guatemala-tells the story of the village of Santa María Tzejá, near the border with Mexico. Manz writes eloquently about Guatemala's tortured history and shows how the story of this village-its birth, destruction, and rebirth-embodies the forces and conflicts that define the country today. Drawing on interviews with peasants, community leaders, guerrillas, and paramilitary forces, Manz creates a richly detailed political portrait of Santa María Tzejá, where highland Maya peasants seeking land settled in the 1970's. Manz describes these villagers' plight as their isolated, lush, but deceptive paradise became one of the centers of the war convulsing the entire country. After their village was viciously sacked in 1982, desperate survivors fled into the surrounding rain forest and eventually to Mexico, and some even further, to the United States, while others stayed behind and fell into the military's hands. With great insight and compassion, Manz follows their flight and eventual return to Santa María Tzejá, where they sought to rebuild their village and their lives.

Quiché Indians --- Massacres --- Political violence --- Civil-military relations --- Return migration --- Migration, Return --- Emigration and immigration --- Repatriation --- Military and civilian power --- Military-civil relations --- Executive power --- Sociology, Military --- Military government --- Violence --- Political crimes and offenses --- Terrorism --- Atrocities --- History --- Persecution --- K'iche' Indians --- Quichés --- Indians of Central America --- Mayas --- Crimes against --- Relocation --- Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (Guatemala) --- EGP --- E.G.P. --- Santa María Tzejá (Guatemala) --- Social conditions. --- Politics and government. --- Quiche Indians --- Santa Maria Tzeja (Guatemala) --- Social conditions --- Politics and government --- Quiche Indians - Crimes against - Guatemala - Santa Maria Tzeja --- Quiche Indians - Relocation - Mexico --- Massacres - Guatemala - Santa Maria Tzeja --- Political violence - Guatemala - Santa Maria Tzeja --- Civil-military relations - Guatemala - Santa Maria Tzeja --- Return migration - Guatemala - Santa Maria Tzeja --- Santa Maria Tzeja (Guatemala) - Social conditions --- Santa Maria Tzeja (Guatemala) - Politics and government --- 1980s. --- 20th century. --- anthropologists. --- central america. --- cultural history. --- ethnography. --- guatemala. --- guatemalan civil war. --- guerrillas. --- historians. --- historical perspective. --- history of violence. --- illustrated. --- indigenous histories. --- land disputes. --- latin american history. --- maps. --- maya peasants. --- mayan highlands. --- mexico. --- nonfiction. --- paramilitary forces. --- political conflict. --- rainforests. --- refugees. --- repression. --- santa maria tzeja. --- social sciences. --- textbooks. --- united states. --- village life. --- war. --- Ejercito Guerrillero de los Pobres (Guatemala)