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May beggars be excluded from public spaces? May vagabonds be denied access to foreign cities? Should assistance to the poor rely on private charity rather than public welfare institutions? These and similar questions are at the heart of Deliberation on the Cause of the Poor, a remarkable treatise on poor relief by Domingo de Soto (1495-1560), one of Spain's most famous jurist-theologians. Confronted with the reform of poor laws in cities across Europe, Soto warns against the potentially dire consequences of restricting access to poor relief for the sake of managerial efficiency. Denouncing the abuse of power by corrupt public officials and the instrumentalization of the sacrament of confession, he argues against well-intended public measures that actually jeopardize the poor's direct access to life-saving help and assistance. Soto draws on manifold arguments from the Bible, the church fathers, natural law, Roman law, and canon law to defend the legitimate poor's right to beg for assistance, while recalling the vital importance of the virtue of mercy.
Almshouses --- Begging --- Poor
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Urban poor --- Poor laws --- Begging --- Poor
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Begging - France --- Rogues and vagabonds - France --- Poor laws - France
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Poverty --- Begging --- Niger --- Secteur informel (Economie politique) --- Mendicité --- Mendicité --- Development aid. Development cooperation --- Informal sector (Economics) --- Pauvreté --- Social conditions --- Conditions sociales --- Poverty - Niger --- Begging - Niger --- Poverty - Niger - Niamey --- Begging - Niger - Niamey --- Pauvreté --- 1990-.... --- Politique publique --- 1960-....
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Dans l'Europe d'Ancien Régime la pauvreté est endémique. Elle est tout à la fois un risque conjoncturel (auquel on répond par la culture des terres communes, la pluriactivité de toute une famille mise au travail, les engagements de biens au mont-de-piété contre de microcrédits ou la migration saisonnière de métier), un état structurel (auquel on espère échapper par les déménagements constants, la contrebande et le vagabondage, l'illégalité et la mendicité) et une exclusion (qui conduit à l'abandon des enfants ou à la prostitution). La massivité du phénomène induit de la part des autorités des réponses dont la diversité va de la peur devant ces miséreux, qu'il convient d'enfermer dans des institutions qui les mettraient au travail pour leur redressement moral, à la dénonciation des insupportables inégalités sociales et économiques qui retranchent de l'humanité commune des individus qui ne demandent que leurs droits. En 1777 l'Académie des sciences, arts et belles-lettres de Châlons-sur-Marne met au concours la question des "moyens de détruire la mendicité en rendant les mendiants utiles à l'État sans les rendre malheureux". Jamais aucun concours n'a attiré autant de participants : cent vingt-cinq mémoires sont envoyés ; ils constituent la meilleure introduction aux débats d'alors sur la pauvreté et aux questions qui agitent les élites. S'y esquissent nos questions d'aujourd'hui : comment parler des pauvres ? De l'inégalité ? Des dominés de la famille patriarcale ? De la charité, avec sa variante moderne de la philanthropie, et de l'impôt ? De l'accès au marché des plus démunis devenus des défavorisés ? De leur liberté de choix ? De l'appartenance des pauvres à la société des citoyens ? De leur mise en capacité de prendre leur destin en main ? Rarement, en histoire sociale, un siècle passé apporte autant de lumières sur nos défis les plus contemporains. --
Poverty --- Poor --- Europe --- Histoire économique --- Pauvreté --- Mendicité --- Politique publique --- Economic history. --- Poor. --- Begging. --- Poverty. --- Histoire économique --- Pauvreté --- Mendicité --- Public policy --- Begging --- History
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History of the law --- Coornhert, Dirck Volckertszoon --- Begging --- Rogues and vagabonds --- History. --- Prevention. --- History --- Prevention --- -Begging --- -Rogues and vagabonds --- -34 <09> --- Vagabonds --- Vagrants --- Homeless persons --- Brigands and robbers --- Tramps --- Mendicancy --- Panhandling --- Poverty --- Vagrancy --- Rechtsgeschiedenis --(algemeen) --- 34 <09> Rechtsgeschiedenis --(algemeen) --- 34 <09> --- Rogues and vagabonds - Netherlands - History --- Begging - Netherlands - History --- Begging - Netherlands - Prevention
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Social problems --- Poverty --- Pauvreté --- 339.12 --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- armoede --- Poverty. --- Pauvreté --- Pauvrete --- Aspect sociologique
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The eleven interdisciplinary essays that comprise this book complement and expand upon a significant body of literature on the history of the Franciscan and Dominican orders during the later Middle Ages and the early modern period. They elucidate and examine the ways in which mendicant friars established, sustained, and transformed their institutional identities and shaped the devotional experiences of the faithful to whom they ministered via verbal and visual culture. Taking primary texts and images as their point of departure, these essays break new scholarly ground by revising previous assumptions regarding mendicant life and actions and analysing sites, works of art, and texts that either have been neglected in the existing literature or that have not been examined through the lens of current methodologies such as sermon studies, ritual, gender, and cross-cultural interactions. Indeed, the varied methods and subjects of these essays demonstrate there is still much to be learned about the mendicant orders and the ways and spaces in which they operated and presented themselves on the local, regional, and global stages.
Christian religious orders --- Christian church history --- anno 1200-1499 --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Italy --- Begging --- Church history --- Mendicité --- Eglise --- History --- Histoire --- Bettelorden. --- Church history. --- Kultur. --- Religious aspects --- Christianity. --- Religious aspects. --- Italien. --- Mendicité --- Christianity --- Begging - Religious aspects --- Begging - History - Religious aspects - Christianity --- Ordres mendiants
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