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Français (langue) --- Linguistique --- Analyse du discours --- Contradictie --- Contradictieprincipe --- Contradiction --- Contradiction [Principe de ] --- Discourse analysis --- Discourse grammar --- Principe de contradiction --- Tekstgrammatica --- Tekstlinguïstiek --- Text analysis --- Text grammar --- Lexicology. Semantics --- Grammar --- Pragmatics --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Language and languages --- Négations (Linguistique) --- Langage et langues --- Negatives --- Philosophy --- Philosophie --- Grammar [Comparative and general ] --- Linguistique.

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Grammar --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Psycholinguistics --- Children --- Négations (Linguistique) --- Psycholinguistique --- Enfants --- Negatives --- Language --- Langage --- -Psycholinguistics --- -801.56 --- Childhood --- Kids (Children) --- Pedology (Child study) --- Youngsters --- Age groups --- Families --- Life cycle, Human --- Language, Psychology of --- Language and languages --- Psychology of language --- Speech --- Linguistics --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Philology --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Psychological aspects --- Grammar, Comparative --- Psycholinguistics. --- Language. --- Negatives. --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Négations (Linguistique) --- 801.56 --- Negatives (Grammar) --- Language development in children --- Interpersonal communication in children --- Vocabulary --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Negatives --- Children - Language --- SYNTAXE --- NEGATION

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Why do grammars change? The cycle of negation proposed by Jespersen is crucially linked to the status of items and phrases. The definition of criteria establishing when a polarity item becomes a negative element, and the identification of the role of phrases for the evolution of negation are the two objectives pursued by the contributions to this volume. The contributions look at the emergence of negative items, and their relation within a given sentence, with particular reference to English and French. The comparative perspective supports the documentation of the fine-grained steps that shed light on the factors that (i) determine change and those that (ii) accompany actuation, which are considered through a dialogue between functionalist and formalist approaches. By looking at the place of negation in the architecture of the sentence, they take up the debate as to the relevance of phrasal projections and consider the role of features. Focusing on the make-up of individual items makes it possible to re-conceptualise the Jespersen cycle as the apparent result of the documented evolution patterns of individual (series of) items. This novel perspective is solidly grounded on an extensive use of the complete, up to date bibliography, and will contribute to shape future research.

Grammar, Comparative and general --- Polarity (Linguistics) --- Semantics --- Negatives --- Syntax --- Semantics. --- Negatives. --- Syntax. --- Lexicology. Semantics --- Grammar --- 801.56 --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Négations (Linguistique) --- Polarité (Linguistique) --- Syntaxe --- Sémantique --- Polarity item (Linguistics) --- Negatives (Grammar) --- Formal semantics --- Semasiology --- Semiology (Semantics) --- Comparative linguistics --- Information theory --- Language and languages --- Lexicology --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Linguistic analysis (Linguistics) --- Negation. --- Polarity (Linguistics). --- Sprachwandel. --- Négation (linguistique) --- Grammaire comparée --- Sémantique structurale --- Syntaxe. --- Sémantique. --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Negatives --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Syntax --- Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax --- Historical Linguistics. --- Jespersen Cycle. --- Language Change.