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Knowledge, Sociology of --- Information society --- Knowledge economy

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Knowledge economy --- Sustainable development --- Economie du savoir --- Développement durable

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The growth of technological and scientific knowledge in the past two centuries has been the overriding dynamic element in the economic and social history of the world. Its result is now often called the knowledge economy. But what are the historical origins of this revolution and what have been its mechanisms? In The Gifts of Athena, Joel Mokyr constructs an original framework to analyze the concept of "useful" knowledge. He argues that the growth explosion in the modern West in the past two centuries was driven not just by the appearance of new technological ideas but also by the improved access to these ideas in society at large--as made possible by social networks comprising universities, publishers, professional sciences, and kindred institutions. Through a wealth of historical evidence set in clear and lively prose, he shows that changes in the intellectual and social environment and the institutional background in which knowledge was generated and disseminated brought about the Industrial Revolution, followed by sustained economic growth and continuing technological change. Mokyr draws a link between intellectual forces such as the European enlightenment and subsequent economic changes of the nineteenth century, and follows their development into the twentieth century. He further explores some of the key implications of the knowledge revolution. Among these is the rise and fall of the "factory system" as an organizing principle of modern economic organization. He analyzes the impact of this revolution on information technology and communications as well as on the public's state of health and the structure of households. By examining the social and political roots of resistance to new knowledge, Mokyr also links growth in knowledge to political economy and connects the economic history of technology to the New Institutional Economics. The Gifts of Athena provides crucial insights into a matter of fundamental concern to a range of disciplines including economics, economic history, political economy, the history of technology, and the history of science.

Economic development --- Technological innovations --- History. --- Economic aspects --- Knowledge economy. --- Economy of knowledge --- Information economy --- KBE (Knowledge-based economy) --- Knowledge-based economy --- Economics --- Economic aspects&delete& --- History --- E-books --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer --- 338 <09> --- Economische geschiedenis --- Knowledge economy --- 338.064 --- 331.100 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- 338 <09> Economische geschiedenis --- Intellectual life --- Innovations --- Développement économique --- Vie intellectuelle --- Aspect économique --- Histoire --- World history --- TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS -- 930.33 --- TECHNOLOGY -- 930.33 --- KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY -- 930.33 --- Technological innovations - Economic aspects - History --- Economic development - History

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Business enterprises --- Electronic commerce. --- Information technology --- Knowledge economy. --- Technological innovations. --- Economic aspects. --- Economic sociology --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Digital communications --- Computer networks --- Information technology - Economic aspects. --- Digital communications - Economic aspects. --- Computer networks - Economic aspects.

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La 4e de couv. indique : "Depuis les années 2000 se multiplient à tous les échelons de l'enseignement supérieur des dispositifs de sensibilisation et de formation à l'« entrepreneuriat ». D'où provient cette injonction croissante d'éduquer la jeunesse à l'« esprit d'entreprendre » ? Que fait au fonctionnement de l'Université cette montée en puissance de la référence au monde économique en son sein ? Quels sont les enjeux politiques de cette fabrique de vocations entrepreneuriales ? À partir d'une enquête au long cours combinant entretiens, observations et archives, l'ouvrage retrace la genèse de ce projet éducatif et les formes de son déploiement dans les universités et grandes écoles françaises - à travers notamment la dévalorisation des savoirs théoriques au profit de « savoir-faire » et de « savoir-être » supposés immédiatement utiles dans l'univers économique, l'adoption de normes de conduite valorisées en entreprise, etc. Le projet éducatif ainsi déployé sous la bannière « entrepreneuriale » participe à la diffusion de l'idéologie néolibérale. S'il donne l'illusion que tout le monde peut entreprendre, il prépare d'abord les fractions les moins dotées de la jeunesse diplômée à l'occupation de positions précaires aux marges du salariat (micro-entrepreneuriat, par exemple) tandis qu'il permet à une jeunesse dorée d'accéder à de nouvelles positions valorisantes (dans l'univers des start-up, notamment). L'enseignement supérieur est ainsi appréhendé à la fois dans ce rôle inédit de laboratoire des idéologies capitalistes - quand l'Université avait, du moins depuis 1968, plutôt fait figure de lieu de la critique sociale -, mais aussi de « cible » pour des modèles qui, en la pénétrant, en subvertissent en partie les objectifs et les modes de fonctionnement."

Enseignement supérieur --- Entrepreneuriat. --- Capitalisme --- Aspect économique. --- Education, Higher --- Business and education --- Capitalism and education --- Knowledge economy --- Economic aspects --- Academic-industrial collaboration --- Universities and colleges --- Equality --- Universités --- Enseignement supérieur --- Industrie et éducation --- Entrepreneuriat --- Libéralisme économique. --- Finalités --- Education, Higher - Economic aspects