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Plant genetics. Plant evolution --- Plants --- Plantes --- Evolution --- Evolution. --- Plante --- plants --- Évolution --- evolution --- Paléontologie --- Palaeontology --- Chimiotaxonomie --- chemotaxonomy --- Biosystématique --- biosystematics --- Cytotaxonomie --- cytotaxonomy --- 575.86 --- 581.16 --- Plant evolution --- Evolution (Biology) --- Origin of groups of organisms (taxa). Phylogeny --- Reproduction --- Phylogeny --- PAL Paleontology & Palynology --- botany --- evolutionary divergence --- fossils --- biome --- palaeobotany --- 581.16 Reproduction --- 575.86 Origin of groups of organisms (taxa). Phylogeny --- evolution. --- Plants - Evolution --- Acqui 2006

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It has long been assumed that the historical legacy of Soviet Communism would have an important effect on post-communist states. However, prior research has focused primarily on the institutional legacy of communism. "Communism's Shadow" instead turns the focus to the individuals who inhabit post-communist countries, presenting a rigorous assessment of the legacy of communism on political attitudes. Post-communist citizens hold political, economic, and social opinions that consistently differ from individuals in other countries. Grigore Pop-Eleches and Joshua Tucker introduce two distinct frameworks to explain these differences, the first of which focuses on the effects of living in a post-communist country, and the second on living through communism. Drawing on large-scale research encompassing post-communist states and other countries around the globe, the authors demonstrate that living through communism has a clear, consistent influence on why citizens in post-communist countries are, on average, less supportive of democracy and markets and more supportive of state-provided social welfare. The longer citizens have lived through communism, especially as adults, the greater their support for beliefs associated with communist ideology--the one exception being opinions regarding gender equality.

POST-COMMUNISM--EUROPE, EASTERN --- EUROPE, EASTERN--SOCIAL CONDITIONS --- EUROPE, EASTERN--ECONOMIC CONDITIONS --- EUROPE, EASTERN--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT --- Post-communism --- Post-communism - Europe, Eastern --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Ideologies / Communism, Post-Communism & Socialism. --- Leninist regimes. --- Soviet Communism. --- Soviet Union. --- Soviet communism. --- adult communist exposure. --- aggregate-level data. --- analyses. --- anti-democratic attitudes. --- attitudinal change. --- attitudinal convergence. --- attitudinal differences. --- childhood communist exposure. --- communism. --- communist education. --- communist ideology. --- communist legacies. --- communist message. --- communist regime. --- communist regimes. --- communist rhetoric. --- communist socialization effects. --- communist socialization project. --- democracy. --- democratic deficit. --- democratic support. --- democratic values. --- developmental differences. --- economic performance. --- economic principles. --- exposure. --- fleeting legacies. --- gender equality. --- generational replacement. --- institutional regime. --- intensity. --- legacy effects. --- market economics. --- markets. --- methodological approach. --- methodology. --- political beliefs. --- political performance. --- post-communist citizens. --- post-communist countries. --- post-communist politics. --- post-communist states. --- pro-gender equality. --- resistance. --- social welfare. --- state responsibility. --- survey data. --- temporal resilience. --- temporary divergence. --- welfare state.

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Dix ans après la publication, dans la même collection, des "Valeurs du temps présent, une enquête européenne", cette étude compare les attitudes observées dans notre pays avec celles d'autres pays européens, analysant les thèmes de la famille, du travail, de la religion, de la politique et, plus généralement, de la société.

Sociology --- France --- Work --- Religion --- Political participation --- Sociologie --- Travail --- Participation politique --- Social values --- Social aspects --- Aspect social --- Public opinion --- Public opinion. --- 316.63 <44> --- 316.752 <44> --- -Social values --- -Values --- Opinion, Public --- Perception, Public --- Popular opinion --- Public perception --- Public perceptions --- Judgment --- Social psychology --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Focus groups --- Reputation --- Sociaal bewustzijn. Zelfconcept--Frankrijk --- Waarden --(sociologie)--Frankrijk --- Moral conditions --- -Public opinion. --- -Sociaal bewustzijn. Zelfconcept--Frankrijk --- 316.752 <44> Waarden --(sociologie)--Frankrijk --- 316.63 <44> Sociaal bewustzijn. Zelfconcept--Frankrijk --- -Opinion, Public --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Frankrig --- Francja --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Prantsusmaa --- Francia (Republic) --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Франция --- French Republic --- République française --- Peurancih --- Frankryk --- Franse Republiek --- Francland --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- فرنسا --- Faransā --- Franza --- Republica Franzesa --- Gallia (Republic) --- Hyãsia --- Phransiya --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Францыя --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Parancis --- Pransya --- Franis --- Francuska --- Republika Francuska --- Bro-C'hall --- Френска република --- Frenska republika --- França --- República Francesa --- Pransiya --- Republikang Pranses --- Γαλλία --- Gallia --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- فرانسه --- Farānsah --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- פראנקרייך --- 法国 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- フランス --- Furansu --- フランス共和国 --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Francija --- Ranska --- Frankrike --- Values --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Falanxi --- Frankrijk --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- 法蘭西 --- 프랑스 --- Social values - France - Public opinion. --- Public opinion - France. --- la France --- les valeurs --- la culture --- consensus ou divergence --- les attitudes --- enquête