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It has long been assumed that the historical legacy of Soviet Communism would have an important effect on post-communist states. However, prior research has focused primarily on the institutional legacy of communism. "Communism's Shadow" instead turns the focus to the individuals who inhabit post-communist countries, presenting a rigorous assessment of the legacy of communism on political attitudes. Post-communist citizens hold political, economic, and social opinions that consistently differ from individuals in other countries. Grigore Pop-Eleches and Joshua Tucker introduce two distinct frameworks to explain these differences, the first of which focuses on the effects of living in a post-communist country, and the second on living through communism. Drawing on large-scale research encompassing post-communist states and other countries around the globe, the authors demonstrate that living through communism has a clear, consistent influence on why citizens in post-communist countries are, on average, less supportive of democracy and markets and more supportive of state-provided social welfare. The longer citizens have lived through communism, especially as adults, the greater their support for beliefs associated with communist ideology--the one exception being opinions regarding gender equality.

POST-COMMUNISM--EUROPE, EASTERN --- EUROPE, EASTERN--SOCIAL CONDITIONS --- EUROPE, EASTERN--ECONOMIC CONDITIONS --- EUROPE, EASTERN--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT --- Post-communism --- Post-communism - Europe, Eastern --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Ideologies / Communism, Post-Communism & Socialism. --- Leninist regimes. --- Soviet Communism. --- Soviet Union. --- Soviet communism. --- adult communist exposure. --- aggregate-level data. --- analyses. --- anti-democratic attitudes. --- attitudinal change. --- attitudinal convergence. --- attitudinal differences. --- childhood communist exposure. --- communism. --- communist education. --- communist ideology. --- communist legacies. --- communist message. --- communist regime. --- communist regimes. --- communist rhetoric. --- communist socialization effects. --- communist socialization project. --- democracy. --- democratic deficit. --- democratic support. --- democratic values. --- developmental differences. --- economic performance. --- economic principles. --- exposure. --- fleeting legacies. --- gender equality. --- generational replacement. --- institutional regime. --- intensity. --- legacy effects. --- market economics. --- markets. --- methodological approach. --- methodology. --- political beliefs. --- political performance. --- post-communist citizens. --- post-communist countries. --- post-communist politics. --- post-communist states. --- pro-gender equality. --- resistance. --- social welfare. --- state responsibility. --- survey data. --- temporal resilience. --- temporary divergence. --- welfare state.